Poverty in Africa

Poverty in Africa More than 800 million people fall asleep starving every day, and 300 million of those 800 are only children. Poverty is a global crisis, something that affects many in a horrible way. â€Å"Poverty is going empty, with no hope for the future. Poverty is like watching your mother father, brothers and sisters die in pain and in sorrow just because they couldn’t get something to eat. † Poverty has been around for ages, and will always be around. It is always there and will always be a problem. It could have been avoided, and can be treated if we follow the Gospels.The Gospels have many parables and teachings about the poor, and we can link that to poverty today. Poverty affects many children in Africa. In Africa 40 to 70% of the population lives in slums, and the child mortality rate in those slums is 65% higher. The children in these slums live a terrible life. Here in Canada, we have houses and apartments, condos and duplexes; all of these living condit ions are fine. Some people complain their house is too small, or they have to share a room. Imagine having no room to share or no house at all.When people complain about having a small house, they should imagine living in an overcrowded shack with no floors, no water, and no electricity. People in Africa have to live in those shacks. The church teaches us many helpful things. Jesus stands on side of the poor, and so must we. If we all put the needs of the poor in front of our own needs, we would not have children starving to death in Africa. The Rich Young Man (Matthew 19:16-30) is about a man that asks Jesus for eternal life, and what he will have to do to get it. Jesus asks tells him to sell all his possessions and give the money to the poor, the man sighs.Jesus also tells the man to follow the 10 commandments. The religious truth is to follow the 10 commandments and to be kind, and donate to the poor. The Judgement of the Nations (Matthew 25:31-46) is about the Lord separating th e good people from bad. He tells the good thank-you for caring about him, and he tells the bad they did not help him. Both groups question and say they did nothing to him. God then says the good people did something for the poor, and the bad people did nothing for the poor. The religious truth in this is to treat the poor as if they are God.Poverty is a huge problem and it can be treated, and could have been avoided. If we followed the Gospels, and we followed what God told us to do, we wouldn’t have this problem. People are very ignorant, and think for themselves. If we all gave 5% of our pay checks to starving children it would make a huge difference. Even if everyone follows the 10 commandments, poverty would improve. The world is full of billions and billions of people live in the world today, and if even a third of those billions tried to help poverty we would see a difference.People need to start thinking about the poor more. We should all treat the poor, as if they are God. We should act as if each of those starving children we’re a piece of God. If someone saw God starving and in pain, they would help him. With poverty, it should be the same way. We should see people who are hungry, or even know of people who are hungry, and we should help them in some way. The Gospels teach us this, and many people read the Gospels, so why don’t people do it. People should do what the Gospel’s say and we would have a lot less people who are dying, and starving. Poverty in Africa Poverty in Africa More than 800 million people fall asleep starving every day, and 300 million of those 800 are only children. Poverty is a global crisis, something that affects many in a horrible way. â€Å"Poverty is going empty, with no hope for the future. Poverty is like watching your mother father, brothers and sisters die in pain and in sorrow just because they couldn’t get something to eat. † Poverty has been around for ages, and will always be around. It is always there and will always be a problem. It could have been avoided, and can be treated if we follow the Gospels.The Gospels have many parables and teachings about the poor, and we can link that to poverty today. Poverty affects many children in Africa. In Africa 40 to 70% of the population lives in slums, and the child mortality rate in those slums is 65% higher. The children in these slums live a terrible life. Here in Canada, we have houses and apartments, condos and duplexes; all of these living condit ions are fine. Some people complain their house is too small, or they have to share a room. Imagine having no room to share or no house at all.When people complain about having a small house, they should imagine living in an overcrowded shack with no floors, no water, and no electricity. People in Africa have to live in those shacks. The church teaches us many helpful things. Jesus stands on side of the poor, and so must we. If we all put the needs of the poor in front of our own needs, we would not have children starving to death in Africa. The Rich Young Man (Matthew 19:16-30) is about a man that asks Jesus for eternal life, and what he will have to do to get it. Jesus asks tells him to sell all his possessions and give the money to the poor, the man sighs.Jesus also tells the man to follow the 10 commandments. The religious truth is to follow the 10 commandments and to be kind, and donate to the poor. The Judgement of the Nations (Matthew 25:31-46) is about the Lord separating th e good people from bad. He tells the good thank-you for caring about him, and he tells the bad they did not help him. Both groups question and say they did nothing to him. God then says the good people did something for the poor, and the bad people did nothing for the poor. The religious truth in this is to treat the poor as if they are God.Poverty is a huge problem and it can be treated, and could have been avoided. If we followed the Gospels, and we followed what God told us to do, we wouldn’t have this problem. People are very ignorant, and think for themselves. If we all gave 5% of our pay checks to starving children it would make a huge difference. Even if everyone follows the 10 commandments, poverty would improve. The world is full of billions and billions of people live in the world today, and if even a third of those billions tried to help poverty we would see a difference.People need to start thinking about the poor more. We should all treat the poor, as if they are God. We should act as if each of those starving children we’re a piece of God. If someone saw God starving and in pain, they would help him. With poverty, it should be the same way. We should see people who are hungry, or even know of people who are hungry, and we should help them in some way. The Gospels teach us this, and many people read the Gospels, so why don’t people do it. People should do what the Gospel’s say and we would have a lot less people who are dying, and starving.

History of Gaming Essay

Gaming has been around since the late 1960’s far later than I had thought, for me I had always thought that the Atari 2600 was the first gaming system known to mankind, and after starting my research I found out how wrong I was. In this part of the teams paper I will discuss the different types of this technology thought it history. In 1967 the first gaming console ever was created and was named the â€Å"Brown Box.† A German born television engineer Ralph Baer and his colleagues created the Brown Box which worked on your basic standard television set. Working with a firm called Sanders Associates, Baer along with co-workers drew up schematics for a game which was called the chase game, and they built a vacuum tube circuit that connected to the television. Two players controlled two squares that basically chased each other on the screen, at that point in time gaming was born. Baer and his associates later added a light fun and developed a total of 12 games for the Brown Box. Fast forward five years after Baer and his associates created the Brown Box, Magnavox began production of the Magnavox Odyssey. The Odyssey was called the first commercial video-game console and was marketed in Magnavox TV dealerships. The Odyssey used six cartridges to play up to twelve games. The Odyssey downfall is that many TV dealers didn’t see any potential in it and along with the false rumor that it only worked in Magnavox televisions hurt the popularity of the gaming systems. In 1972 Nolan Bushnell founded Atari and three years later in 1975, they had their first smash hit with an arcade game called Pong. Atari sold a home version of the game Pong through Sears under the Sears Tele-games label. What made Pong unique was that it produced an on-screen score and sound all by single chip. With his first system Nolan Bushnell and Atari shot to the top of household gaming. Knowing that some of not anything last forever especially a single game system popularity, Nolan Bushnell and Atari started working on a cartridge based system, one that could play multiple games. In 1976 Bushnell Sold Atari to Warner Communications, and Warner immediately backed the Atari project, and the Atari VCS later renamed the Atari 2600 was introduced. The Atari was a big hit and had multiple game hits to go along with it, hits like the ever popular Spaced Invaders, Breakout, Missile Command, and Combat just to name a few. Atari was the first ever massed produced home video gaming system, selling 400,000 systems and hitting sales figures of $120 million dollars during the first Christmas season in 1977. In 1980 Mattel released Intellivision, and was the first to take a run at Atari’s gamming thrown. This sparked what some would like to call a console war between Atari and Mattel. Intellivision featured better game graphics and synthesized voices in video games. Both systems brought on other game developers like Coleco and Activision, but with so many of the games being unlicensed games and no household system lead to gaming industry crash in 1983-84 cause in many companies to file bankruptcy. Nintendo, a Japanese based company became part of the gaming industry in 1985 with its release of the Nintendo Entertainment System. With some of the most popular titles ever like Super Mario Brothers, Metroid, and Legend of Zelda and that of third party games like Tecmo Bowl and RBI baseball, the NES turned the non-believers that didn’t think it was a good idea to get into gaming after a crash, into believers. In 1987 Sega released its gaming system which dwarfed the capabilities that its predecessor, the NES, had offered. It was called the MasterSystem but it didn’t make the splash that many in the Sega camp had thought it would make, due to its lack of third-party games and other things it was the demise of the MasterSystem and the first failing of Sega. Sega went directly back to the drawing board and soon after released its first hit the Sega Genesis in 1989. Backed by many game developers like Electronic Arts, the Sega Genesis opened the door for the first ever battle for supremacy for gaming dominance. Four years after the release of the Nintendo Entertainment System, Nintendo released its second smash hit, with the Gameboy. Gameboy was dubbed the as the first ever handheld gaming console and had a black and white screen. Tetris one of the most popular Gameboy games ran the Gameboy sales through the roof. With many make-overs throughout the course of history Gameboy continued to stay relevant in gaming. 1990 was the release of SNK’s Neo-Geo a 24 bit home gaming system that was said to be many years ahead of its competitors and its time. The Neo-Geo had one problem, it wasn’t 2-D graphics those were great, it wasn’t its arcade level quality that was what everyone wanted, it was neither of those two things that helped the Neo-Geo fail it was its $650.00 price tag and its $200.00 games that took the Neo-Geo from great innovation to under achiever. In 1991 Nintendo releases the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Beaten to the punch by Sega with its gaming system the Sega Genesis, the 16 bit SNES had some catching up to do. It wasn’t long before the SNES thanks to its technological superiority, had overtaken the Sega Genesis thanks to its big name games like Super Mario Brothers, Metroid, and Zelda. By the end of the 90’s Sega Genesis was no more than an afterthought for SNES who had taken over the 16 bit era and the gaming industry. It wasn’t till the year 1995 that Nintendo again was challenged for its gaming dominance. Sony introduced the Sony PlayStation a 32 bit CD-ROM based technology and has been said to be the most popular gaming system ever. The games had three dimensional gameplay much better than the 2-D of the past. What was the most attraction to any gamer was the price of the games which dramatically dropped compared to those of cartridge based games. It was also in 1995 the second day of September that the Sega franchise basically started its demise. This day marked the release of the Sega Saturn, which was dubbed the best worst system, according to many. Because it was pushed up to get out ahead of the newly announced PlayStation 2, it gave the Sony corporation time to sit back and polish the upcoming PlayStation 2 and learn from the mistakes that the Sega Saturn was making. In 1996 the Nintendo franchise countered the PlayStation with the Nintendo64, the last cartridge based system. Although the cartridges loaded faster than the CD-ROMS of PlayStation the Nintendo64 couldn’t even keep up with the amount of games that were released for the PlayStation, leaving the PlayStation on top of the gaming for the time being. It was in 1998 when Sega made its final push as a contender in the world of gaming with its release of the CD-based system Dreamcast, which incorporated a 128-bit processing system. The Dreamcast was the first system that had a modem which allowed for internet connectivity that brought on the ability to play online, download extra content and updated to the system itself. This would be the last time that anyone would here from the Sega franchise in the console industry. In 2001 Sega discontinued the Dreamcast and announced that it would be leaving the console market for good and taking its Sonic franchise with them. Four years after the release of the Nintendo64 and five years after the first initial PlayStation, Sony releases its second version of the PlayStation 2. The first 128 bit system featured backwards compatibility allowing the PS2 to play the older PlayStations games, and also could be used as a DVD player. Not only was the PS2 named most popular 128 bit system but with its release it marked the rise of console popularity played over the internet. 2001 was the introduction of the old guy with a new system and the new kid on the block in gaming. Nintendo hit the gaming market again going away from its usual cartridge based systems and introducing its first ever CD based system. The GameCube was marketed more for the younger demographics and is said to be what made the system flop and sell short. Along with the inability to connect to the internet it was called a one trick pony and was behind in the gaming world and home entertainment systems. The now new kid on the block Microsoft introduced its own gaming system the X-box. The PC giant used PC technology when building the X-Box which allowed for greater performance. Although the X-Box’s technology proved greater performance when compared to that of the 128 bit PS2 it still remained behind the number of sales that the PS2 had leaving Sony alone at that top of the gaming world. In 2002 Nintendo stepped back in with the Gameboy Advance and again in 2004 with the Nintendo DS. Some would argue and go as far as to say that all Nintendo did was step on its on toes with how they released the two versions so closely together. By doing so experts say that they made the Gameboy obsolete by releasing the DS so soon. Playstation soon joined Nintendo in the hand held gaming evolution, challenging Nintendo’s dominance. The PlayStation Portable like the Gameboy and DS featured wireless capability, high graphics and non-gaming functions mimicking PC-based devices. 2005 also marked the release of the Microsoft X-Box 360. The processing power of the X-Box 360 was said to be unrivaled, and all came with an internal hard drive, played DVDs and had the ability to connect four controllers at one time wirelessly, as well as connecting to the internet. The Nintendo Wii was released in 2006 and featured a built in WiFi for online game play, wireless controllers and Bluetooth. The wireless controllers weren’t new to gaming but what Nintendo did bring to the table with their wireless controllers was the motion sensor technology, allowing the game to mimic the performance of the actual player. 2006 is also when the Sony franchise again exerted its dominance and rivaled back against Microsoft X-Box 360 with the PlayStation 3. The PS3 came with an internal hard drive as well and the ability not only to play DVD’s but also Blue Ray DVD, along with its ability to connect to the internet wirelessly and connect multiple controllers wirelessly, it is said to be still atop the gaming industry, but again that’s all in who you ask. These two systems, PlayStation 3 and X-Box 360, along with the Nintendo Wii brings us to where we are now with gaming in what is called the 8th Generation of gaming. Every year the three gaming giants Sony, Microsoft and Nintendo continue to wow us with different and greater gaming innovation that keeps the rivalry for gaming dominance going on and going strong. In the last few years the X-Box 360 stepped up the gaming war and has released technology that gets rid of the hand held controllers all together! The Kinect from Microsoft has really stepped up its technology and has gotten rid of the controller period. The Kinect set the Guinness Book of World Record for the fastest gaming system ever and comes highly recommended by many consumers and game developers. Recently it was reported that Microsoft X-Box 360 is looking to compete with cable television providers announcing that its consoles will allow the gamer to watch television through it. All of the consoles allow you to watch things like Net Flicks and get on the internet and surf the net, but rivaling cable providers that’s a big step. I look for Sony and Nintendo to sit back and wait to see where this goes before they follow in the footsteps of Microsoft, as they have previously done, but I don’t think they will jump right on board with this because of fear of failure and losing money. If you are a gamer a hardcore gamer you have to be excited for the future of gaming, from a standpoint it looks bright and exciting. With rumors of Sony releasing the Playstation 4 and the system having touch screen technology; it has all the gamers grinning from ear to ear about what the future of gaming actually may be. Gaming has already developed full 3D gaming technology and 3D moti on sensors and powerful graphics and they look to continue to improve upon these technologies. Many have argued that consoles in the future will eventually fall by the wayside making way for hand held portable gaming to be the dominate gaming systems in the future. Of course this upsets many hardcore gamers because they don’t see that as being a plus since many like to play their games on a larger scaled screen. With that being said many say the IPhone 8 will probably be the future of gaming and going as far as to say it although it is a hand held device it will be able to plug into a television set or even connect wirelessly to continue to give that big game experience. Many say that the future of gaming is mobile, digital, and cloud gaming. The better gaming system is said to be one that you can take anywhere and everywhere. Most of the time even of if home many gamers are even using mobile gaming at home, some experts say up to 47% of gamers are mobile gaming even at home. Mobile gaming is not just the casual gaming it used to be and has changed the way all gamers vi ew games. Spending approximately 16 hours a week compared to that of the 18 hours of traditional gaming some say digital is the way of the future and hardware doesn’t matter anymore. The type of hardware you use never really ever did matter, it has always been about the software. Hardware will be less and less relevant in the future and it will be more about the software. With cloud gaming it is becoming more and more of a reality and with two client services already launched it is coming along full circle. The angle of cloud gaming is to offer high definition gaming on any television or device that can receive a broadband signal with even high-end games that can be played on devices that get low power. In a CNNTech report back in September of 2008 had reported that a future release of the Emotiv EPOC headset. The Emotiv EPOC headset is said to be the first Brain Computer Interface and would be able to pick up on over 30 different expressions all by processing real time brain activity. With this technology many enthusiast say that this type of technology makes movies like The Matrix and the Star Trek Holodeck more of a reality in the future. Me personally I am kind of skeptical about that type of technology, and even though experts say that being able to control a computer with your mind is the ultimate quest of human to machine interaction, I still don’t feel any better. In those movies, well all except Star Trek, the machine had a way to take over. So all I see is me playing the video game and the machine taking over my mind and it controlling me and then the earth being run by machines. Well that is how it works in the movies hopefully this won’t be the case. The goal of this though is for the interactions of machines to mimic the way interaction with humans and they say it will ultimately bring communities closer together, so I guess that is one thing we will have to wait to see in the future. So with that being said there is no clear cut way to know which way the future of gaming is actually going, but seeing how far it has come since the Brown Box it is very interesting to sit back and see what the technology produces. At one point in time it was all about transistors and diodes and now it’s about multiple processors, internal memory, and real life graphics. What’s more gaming consoles are no longer just gaming consoles they are now the full true definition of Home Entertainment, with internet connection, streaming music and video and HDD, it is truly a new age for gaming. Social media and social networks has become a big part of many of our lives, well I really should say all of our lives. With that gaming has also being a part of that as it is being input into the Social Medias like Facebook. Many game makers look to theses Social Medias to see exactly what the gamers are taking to and what they are not taking to. World of Warcraft is one of those who uses social media to help them develop more of what they think users want to see and how they want the game to operate and it is actually one of the largest virtual game worlds due to just that along with Second Life which heralds itself as a virtual social world. Social Medias focus on building blocks, identity, conversation, sharing, presence, relationships, reputation, and groups, and many gaming systems that can connect to the World Wide Web can do just that. These gaming technologies give you the opportunity to engage with others from around the world no matter where they may be. Facebook has gaming that lets you connect with others and build a farm or a city and share with each other and allows you to help keep up someone else’s farm, building relationships with people anywhere anytime. No matter what you think about gaming and the gaming technology it has come a long way from where it started and there is no telling where it will go. It is a mainstay in the lives of many of people and I am sure that the technology will only get better or more interesting from here into the future. I do myself wonder what is next will the whole computer to brain interaction ever come full circle or is it just a past thought. Will Microsoft, Sony and Nintendo continue to stay on top or will a unknown company come along and knock all of them off the throne. I guess all we can do is sit back watch wait and see what that next big technology is and who will be the first to come out with it. Right now it’s more or less of a waiting game, the Kinect was a big jump and gaming technology and, I love to sit and watch my kids play on it, I have even been known to play on it myself, gaming technology is what keeps many of us known and connected so there is nothing wrong with that. Works Cited Admin. (2012). The History of Video Game Consoles. computergameoffer.com. Bellis, M. (n.d.). Computer and Video Game History. About.com. Edwards, B. (2009). 30 Years of Handheld Game Systems. PC World. Johnson, J. (2008). From Atari Joy Board to Wii fit. BBG. Melanson, D. (2006). A Brief History of Handheld Video games. engadget.

Becoming A Fashion Designer Is My Career

but what about the designer who made the clothing line? Does the designer get any recognition? Well as the designer you may not see that but me being the outsider looking into the fashion industry I see it all. The career of a Fashion Designer is and will be very demanding because it 's a very competitive job. Strong competition for jobs are expected because of the large number of people who seek jobs as fashion designers.The research will describe the career of a Fashion Designer, what is required†¦ wanted to work in the field of fashion. Growing up I always felt the need to look different. At a young age, I began to sketch garments with hopes that someday I 'll be a fashion designer, my clothing line will be popular and worn across the globe. Fashion is an extremely innovative and artistic industry that allows people to express themselves through clothing. My career goal, which I have worked towards since my freshman year in high school is to become a fashion designer and philanthropist. People†¦ recently made my decision on what career I want to pursue. It wasn’t always apparent to me, but I finally realized that I want to be a Dermatologist. I chose this career because I’ve always wanted to work in the medical field. However, I’m not one for needles and blood. This raises a little bit of a problem because that is mainly all that the medical field deals with. Despite that, dermatology doesn’t overly deal with these things - making it possible for me to choose this career. It is also something†¦ Fashion Designer People need clothes. That is just a basic fact. Fashion designers are the ones that design the clothes that people wear. Designing can be a long process. A design has to be done for an item, pick out the right fabrics and colors, and one may need to put together a sample product to see what it would be like. Without fashion designers, we would not really have clothes to wear. Being a fashion designer is important because they learn to make and design clothes so people can have†¦ order for myself to reach my ultimate career goal of becoming a Human Resources Manager in a large firm, that I personally develop myself to be especially rich in intrapersonal, interpersonal and organizational effectiveness. These skills play a critical role in all businesses in today’s society REFERENCE. Firstly, I must understand the prominence these skills have within the workplace and develop myself in order to succeed in the future. This portfolio will assess my intrapersonal effectiveness†¦ Learning is a lifelong process and in my view, there is no better job than assisting others in this process. The satisfaction in being instrumental to a learning cause is the only way I draw purpose to my living. I never knew I would be an Instructional designer when I applied for my Engineering degree in Computer Science. It was not until my first job as a software engineer that I realized how enthralling it can be to write training content. After finishing my fresher orientation I had a choice to†¦ During the summer before I began my eight grade year of high school, I decided to read an old medical encyclopedia of my grandmother’s. Little did I know, I would read this book day after day, eventually leading to the discovery of my chosen career path. From that summer on I knew without a doubt that I wanted to become a doctor. I finished high school with great enthusiasm as I knew next fall I would begin my first collegiate steps to fulfill my dreams of becoming a physician at the only university†¦ This time it’s different. I am the sole provider for my kids. Not having a degree is a major impediment to me moving much beyond my current position. For my family this means that we could be forever tied to a modest income. We may not be able to buy a home in a good part of town which would prevent my kids from being able to attend the best schools. There are so many things now that rely on me being able to achieve my career goal of becoming a department manager, and one day a partner or owner of†¦ I have found the courses I have taken at the University of Bridgeport to be quite constructive and insightful on my journey to becoming an educator. The one aspect I enjoyed in the courses was most of the instructors were either currently teachers or had some sort of teaching background. I found their authentic knowledge on teaching to be very informative. I extremely enjoyed some of their personal stories about their encounters and experiences in the field. As a student, you want someone with previous†¦ but what about the designer who made the clothing line? Does the designer get any recognition? Well as the designer you may not see that, but me being the outsider looking into the fashion industry I see it all. The career of a Fashion Designer is and will be very demanding because it 's a very competitive job. Strong competition for jobs are expected because of the large number of people who seek jobs as fashion designers.The research will describe the career of a Fashion Designer, what is required†¦

World Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

World Cinema - Essay Example With this close-up shot, the audience could notice that her eyes are looking towards the left or the shadowed side of her face. This reflects the confusion in her mind, the shrouded mystery of why this has happened to her which seems to be more poignant to her than all the physical suffering that she has endured. Also a sense of shame can be interpreted from her gaze to the left as she does not look directly to the audience. Just by the opening close-up shot on the Bride’s face, we can already sense that the whole movie will revolve around her tribulations and suffering, but more importantly, in her uncovering why this has happened to her. The following scene then shows a combination of a close-up shot and a tracking shot of an unknown person’s shoes walking left to right. These combinations of shots give an impending feeling to the audience yet at the same time, a mysterious aura because only the sleek leather shoes of the person is shown in the frame. The next scene goes back to the close-up shot on the Bride’s distorted face and the tip of the shoe seen earlier is now visible on the lower-right portion of the frame meaning this scene is a conjunction of the two previous scenes. At that precise moment, the Bride’s face tilts towards the right a little, exposing her face more than before and her eyes look towards the right as well. Her eyes convey the impression of fear on the person drawing near her. Her eyes also tell implicitly that the person who gave her the bruises and cuts on her face is the person is the person she is looking at right now. With the close-up shot, one could clearly see the trembling of her lips as the person in leather shoes moves in on her. She closes her eyes a little as if not wanting to see the person in front of her. The unknown person reaches out his hand holding a handkerchief to wipe the bleeding of the face of the Bride only for the Bride to look away and reject this person’s s how of compassion. Particularly

Operations Management in Southwest Airlines Essay

Operations Management in Southwest Airlines - Essay Example Southwest Airlines is an example for all of us because it has made tremendous progress by using techniques to improve upon its operations management. It is using its operations management to achieve competitive edge over its competitors. The company uses techniques like e ticketing, faster between flight services, increasing number of seats in planes, flying shorter routes, efficient service of planes, more flight hours by pilots, unique hiring method, and preparation before starting new flights, and less waiting time for planes in order to achieve competitive edge over other airlines.E-Ticketing Southwest Airlines was the first airline in the world to use e-ticketing way back in 1994 (Air Treks, 2011). This initiative of Southwest Airlines has helped them a lot in saving costs related to paper. Also e ticketing has decreased the time required for passengers to board the plan and due to online ticketing checking time of passengers have decreased significantly. All these are the benef its of e ticketing.The company also encourages passengers to use e ticketing because of the advantages of this service. Customers are also charged a nominal fee for the service so this is a win win situation for everyone. Being the pioneer in e ticketing the company has also earned a reputation of serving its customers in a better way by using technology. The clerical work is also highly reduced by issuing tickets online. The system does all the work reducing the number of employees needed for the ticketing purpose. Paper tickets would take physical work as well so that is why it is not desirable. The cost effectiveness of Southwest Airlines is preserved in this way. Southwest Airlines flies domestically only so it is very important that it offers quick services to its customers. Mostly domestic flying passengers are in quite a hurry and that is why e ticketing compliments the clientele of Southwest Airlines. Passengers can book their flights before coming to the airport. By using e ticketing the company has increased efficiency of its operations. Between Flights Time Another operational method used by Southwest Airlines to increase its cost effectiveness is less time taken between flights. By decreasing time between flights Southwest Airlines fly more flights in a day. The time between flights is decreased by quick cleaning services and faster checking out of passengers. Southwest Airlines is famous for quick boarding and off boarding of passengers. Passengers are immediately off boarded as soon as the plan reaches the desired destination. This allows planes to fly more than other competitors in a day. Employees at different

Pepsi and Coke Financials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pepsi and Coke Financials - Essay Example In both ratios, Pepsi emerged to be superior noting that even without its inventories; its current assets can more than pay-off all its short-term liabilities. In terms of moving its inventories to the market, Coca-Cola shows advantage because of its lower inventory ratio. Pepsi and Coca-Cola display always the same capital structure with creditors and investors having 50-50 contribution in its assets. It should be noted that both companies have 0.50 debt to equity ratios indicating that there is an equal share between creditors and equity holders. Profitability ratios including net profit margin, return on assets, and return on equity shows that Pepsi is performing better. Even though Coca-Cola has a higher net profit margin and a stronger cost management techniques, this is offset by Pepsi's higher return on assets and return on equity. It should be noted that the net income of Pepsi generated more value to the company's resource and investors. The higher return on equity has become the primary basis of this recommendation. Realizing that the goal of a business organization is to maximize shareholder wealth, it is important that it shows a high return on equity.

Book sales declining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Book sales declining - Essay Example However, the current economic circumstances are pushing the physical book sales market further down the line with low chances of recovery. 2. Variables The variables listed above are explained below to enhance understanding on the issue at hand. A. Global economic down turn: The economic crises that unfolded in recent years have hit the retail business as a whole. This has forced the retail business sales to go down significantly. Data from the Statistical Abstract of the United States indicates that employment at major retail stores has gone down by 8.6% between December 2007 and December 2009. (Miliot) This is compounded by the fact that retail stores have decreased the number of hours that employees work at retail stores which effectively signals cost cutting techniques at work. This variable has tended to affect book sales as a whole (online and physical) negatively. Negative growth resulting from the economic down turn has been rapid and seems bent upon sustaining current trends . Consumers are still figuring out how much their budgets can afford the purchases of new books. The spike in sales in the last quarter of each year indicates that consumers do have the kind of purchasing power required to buy books but they lack the initiative too given the general state of depression. However, it is significant to note that the larger authors are still generating sales as they did previously. The larger brand names in publishing are averaging around the same business level which again shows market potential. (Rich) B. Growing use of e-books: The growing move towards e-books has hit the regular book publishing markets highly in the long run. It is expected... The economic crises that unfolded in recent years have hit the retail business as a whole. This has forced the retail business sales to go down significantly. Data from the Statistical Abstract of the United States indicates that employment at major retail stores has gone down by 8.6% between December 2007 and December 2009. (Miliot) This is compounded by the fact that retail stores have decreased the number of hours that employees work at retail stores which effectively signals cost cutting techniques at work. This variable has tended to affect book sales as a whole (online and physical) negatively. Negative growth resulting from the economic down turn has been rapid and seems bent upon sustaining current trends. Consumers are still figuring out how much their budgets can afford the purchases of new books. The spike in sales in the last quarter of each year indicates that consumers do have the kind of purchasing power required to buy books but they lack the initiative too given the general state of depression. However, it is significant to note that the larger authors are still generating sales as they did previously. The larger brand names in publishing are averaging around the same business level which again shows market potential. Growing use of e-books: The growing move towards e-books has hit the regular book publishing markets highly in the long run. It is expected that regular book publishing will decrease at a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of 3% between 2010 and 2014.

Case study peer reveiw 3 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case study peer reveiw 3 - Coursework Example On the contrary, my argument and Doug’s differ at a reasonable scale provided the perspectives each of us has taken to respond to Shania’s situation. In my case, I think Shania should establish a sole proprietorship so that she can meet her goals of serving only Christian patrons and maintaining a focused approach without having to consult with another party. On the aspect of whether Shania should involve other parties in her business, I recommended that she adapts a sole proprietorship model from a business perspective. However, Doug advises Shania to open an LLC from a biblical perspective. The contrast between Doug’s argument and mine is that each of us emphasizes on the merits of the provided perspective. Through religious reasoning, Doug thinks an LLC will be the best choice. Through business analysis, I find sole proprietorship much reasonable for the coffeehouse. The Colorado Legal Services (2014) states that Chapter 9 of the Labor Law protects individuals from discrimination at the workplace and provides guidance to employees on the courses of action they should take if discriminated. Mathew 7:12 states that â€Å"So whatever you wish that others would do to you, do also to them, for this is the Law and the Prophets† (Open Bible, 2014). With reference to the labor law, discrimination is disallowed therefore Shania cannot discriminate the other employees for not being ethnic minorities. This is not a shared qualification that all employees can support. Religiously, the bible reference shows that Shania should take the best course of action that would is inclusive of all. Finally, the Herzberg Two-Factor Theory indicates that motivated employees perform better than unmotivated employees. Promoting one individual based on his/her ethnic status is a way of demotivating the rest of the employees who feel equally or better

The Role of Leadership in Shaping Organizational Culture Assignment

The Role of Leadership in Shaping Organizational Culture - Assignment Example Shaping organization culture is essential if the organization leadership aims at having a healthy and high performing organization culture. Since culture involves the unwritten and written rules of how people would work with each other to achieve organizational objectives. This paper attempts to outline the role of leadership in an organization by shaping its culture. Organizational culture is integral in ensuring that the organization identify and execute strategic plans. Successful leaders ensure that they shape the culture of the organization instead of letting the culture to shape the organization. Culture shaping involves strategies that can promote an integrated system in the organization from top to bottom. To ensure that the performance and growth of the company adheres to the organization goals, the leaders must ensure that there is behavior change among individuals and teams in the organization. It is therefore necessary that personal transformation serve as the foundation of culture transformation (House, 2006).   Leaders shape and influence the organizational culture through molding of values, beliefs within the organization and basic assumptions by the members of the organizations. The key and critical factor for a manager to ensure that there is enough support organization culture is empowering the employees to build a good relationship that would lead to change in organizational culture. Effective leaders engage formation of strategies that would shape the organizational culture through influencing members to a positive relationship within the organizational program. Leaders who are intelligent learn on changing the organizational culture and focus more on empowering the people to enhance good relations. There are several strategies that can be used by managers to ensure positive organization culture is applied (Wells, 2013).   The first strategy

Purchasing power parity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Purchasing power parity - Essay Example bsolute purchasing power parity to distinguish it from a related theory relative purchasing power parity, which predicts the relationship between the two countries relative inflation rates and the change in the exchange rate of their currencies (Wikipedia, 2006). It is important in international economics for at least three reasons. First, it provides a particularly simple theory of exchange rate determination: it predicts that, if the relative price of two currencies is flexible, then it will adjust to equal the ratio of their price levels. Second, if this kind of adjustment does not take place, the ratio of price levels can nonetheless provide a reference point against which the current exchange rate can be deemed to be "under- or over-valued" relative to its PPP level. Finally, irrespective of whether PPP will ever occur in practice, deviations from it must be taken into account in making international and interregional comparisons of real income (Neary, 2004). The theory assumes that the actions of importers and exporters, motivated by cross country price differences, induces changes in the spot exchange rate. In another vein, PPP suggests that transactions on a countrys current account, affect the value of the exchange rate on the foreign exchange market. This contrast with the interest rate parity theory which assumes that the actions of investors, whose transactions are recorded on the capital account, induces changes in the exchange rate (Suranovic, 1999). Although earlier studies, like Froot and Rogoff (1995) had reported evidence of short run violations, many economists as Mc Donald (1996), Wu (1996) and others still hold the view that over the long run, relative price may move in proportion to the nominal exchange rate so that the real exchange rate will revert to its parity. Hence, it becomes important to test PPP as a long run relationship. PPP theory is based on an extension and variation of the "law of one price" as applied to the aggregate

The Role of Early Relationships Essay Example for Free

The Role of Early Relationships Essay In this assignment I will discuss the role of early relationships in the development of child behaviour. This involves many factors such as the family, child rearing styles, theory and development of attachment. I will discuss and explain experiences which I have come across within the childrens sector and how these are influenced by the developmental theory. I will then discuss in depth how the main developmental perspectives play a part in early years. P3. The role of family when considering child rearing is vital as this is where the bonding process begins; as this bond is formed the child develops an attachment to the person therefore creating a relationship. This bond in the beginning is primarily developed with the babys main care provider, not necessarily the mother, as children are brought up in diverse family structures. Family structures such as: nuclear family which involves both parents being together to bring up the child not relying on others for support, lone parent families which is either the mother or father bringing the child up with out the support of a partner, reconstituted families where two adults become partners whilst parenting children from a previous relationship and finally extended families where there is a close knit support from other family members such as grandparents who live together with the parent(s) and child. Many families dont fit ideally into just one of these support units and may be a single parent family with the close support of other family members even though they do not live together as one family unit, this then affects the people which the child develops primary attachments with as the parent may work and the grandparents become the main childcare providers for the child therefore forming multiple attachments. P3. The ways in which child rearing has developed over time has changed dramatically not only due to the ways in which a family is structured but how the care is managed. The first theory of child rearing was developed by Truby King he suggested babies should be toilet trained as young as possible, have a feeding routine and spend lots of time outdoors in order to reduce the chances of infant mortality and disease therefore cutting down the adult to child contact. We now realise that this would affect the childs opportunities to bond, develop relationships and attachment with its carers. During the 1950s and 1960s Benjamin Spock, whos theory is more child-lead than the previous, emphasised the importance of building a strong relationship between the child and its carers by encouraging parents to be more flexible with the child illustrating more affection listening to the childs individual needs but still appreciated the need for a routine. His suggestions, which were published as a guide to parents, counteracted the strict advice of paediatricians and doctors at this time. Medical professionals insisted that unremitting feeding routines should be undertaken whilst they also disapproved of parents openly showing affection towards their child. What good mothers and fathers instinctively feel like doing for their babies is usually best after all (Spock B, Saidwhat.co.uk) His theory was focused on the physical aspect of relationship development believing that the child should be wrapped up to give them the feeling of security as they had in the womb of their mother, he believed that routine changes and feeds every four hours would suffice the child and leave them feeling happy, he also believed that a babys every cry should not be answered if the routine was in place as they didnt physically need anything more. P3. Penelope Leach developed further this approach suggesting that child rearing should be child-centred rather than child lead, meaning that responding to the childs social, emotional and cognitive needs not only reaffirmed the child but also the parents by allowing more bonding time. She helped parents understand their childs needs and cries, suggesting on-demand feeding is a better approach than feeding at set times as it better suits the childs individual needs. Leach therefore allowed parents to be carers of their child permitting them to spoil their child with love and affection rather than being there to enforce control and discipline. P3. Kitzinger looked into this further in the mid 1970s and believes that a child should be cared for in a way that is natural and instinctive for both the child and the mother. Sheila Kitzinger says that parents need to see their children as social beings that need human interaction and companionship not just servicing by being fed, bathed and changed.

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Parliament Essay Example for Free

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Parliament Essay Weaknesses †¢ Investigation and implementation of new laws is time consuming and parliament is not always able to keep up with changes in society. †¢ Delegated authorities are not all elected by the people and there may be too many bodies making laws. †¢ It is not always possible to change the law in accordance with changing values in society. †¢ Parliament can make laws retrospectively, which can be unfair. †¢ Cabinet’s legislative proposals may dominate law-making by parliament, particularly where the government controls both houses. Parliament’s response to community views may not be adequate. * Makes laws whenever the need arises Strengths †¢ Parliament can make law in futuro, which means they can make laws even before the need arises. †¢ Parliament can investigate the whole topic and make a comprehensive set of laws. †¢ Parliament can delegate its power to make law to expert bodies, which can make the regulations much faster than parliament. †¢ Parliament is able to involve the public in law-making. †¢ Parliament can change the law as the need arises (in comparison to courts). Weaknesses Investigation and implementation of new laws is time consuming and parliament is not always able to keep up with changes in society. †¢ The process of passing a Bill is time consuming. †¢ Parliament is not always sitting, so changes in the law may have to wait some time. †¢ Changes in the law may involve financial outlay, which may not be economically viable at the time. †¢ The division of law-making powers between the federal and state parliaments is in dispute from time to time, therefore often a law may be ‘put on hold’. †¢ Parliament’s Upper House can ‘rubber stamp’ or deliberately obstruct legislation. The government of the day might decide for political reasons that they do not wish to make a law, even though there may be a need for it. Following is an extract that critically examines two strengths of parliamentary law-making, as required by the question. It is true that parliament can create informed laws that reflect the views of the community because it is able to consult with the public through speaking with voters and also examining the opinion of voters through investigations conducted by formal law reform bodies such as the ALRC. However, members of parliament may not legislate on controversial issues such as euthanasia because they fear voter backlash. Thus, this can limit the law-making ability of parliament to truly represent the views of the entire community. The political nature of parliament, whereby there are two distinct parties controlling most of the seats can also limit the ability of parliament to reflect the views of the community because MPs will almost always vote on party lines, often preventing law reform that reflects the views of the community.

Child Language Development Case Study

Child Language Development Case Study Introduction This paper explores a case study with one family with a child displaying slower language development, examining the case in the light of well-known theories around child development. These theories, which include scientific approaches, social approaches, and applied approaches to understanding and supporting child development, are evaluated in the light of the existing literature and in relation to health visiting practice. The Case Child A is a 2 year old male, the only child of a same sex lesbian couple, living in an ex-council house within a village environment. The area of the village in which they live is predominantly local authority housing, but they bought their house as a private sale from its previous owner. The biological mother, who for the purpose of this essay will be called Mother A, was brought up in this village, and left to attend university and have a career, returning when the child was 3 months old. Mother A works 21 hours a week as a nurse, and also works ad hoc shifts as an agency nurse. Mother B is a university graduate who left full time employment to move in with Mother A, and now works for a local women’s charity part time, as a child support worker. Child A displays normal development in most areas, and demonstrates clear cognition and understanding of language and interactions, potentially beyond the standard for his stage of development. However, Child A does not use verbal language himself very much, and at times displays behaviour which suggests he is withdrawn and not interested in socialising. Mother A states that Child A socialises well in the Creche he attends 3 days per week. However, Mother A also states that as a family they are very socially isolated. Mother A’s extended family lives within 3-5 miles of them, but has very limited contact, because of discomfort with their lifestyle. The family attempted to join a mother and toddler group, but were made to feel unwelcome, and both parents state that they are ostracised by their local community, and cannot access social support from a wider lesbian community because they have no childcare other than the crà ¨che. They have been unable to secure a childminder or babysitter because of their alternative family arrangement. Observations of interactions between parents and child demonstrate good, positive attention from both parents. Mother A is very ‘attuned’ to the child and ‘interprets’ behaviours and expressions, anticipating the child’s needs. Interaction between health visitor and child suggests the child is capable of proper linguistic expression. On one occasion, the child corrected the health visitor, to inform her that a shell in his ‘collection’ was grey, not white. The child also shows some ability to recognise alphanumeric characters. Despite this, verbal communication seems very limited. Discussion This case provides an interesting dilemma in exploring the theories which would explain the apparent linguistic retardation this child displays. Bowlby’s attachment theory, for example, might suggest that the child’s linguistic restriction is due to some element of attachment, and that the primary attachment figure for this child is Mother A. In the absence of what others might describe as a normal social sphere for the child, the attachment between Mother A and Child A may never have been challenged, and this close attachment means that the child feels no motivation to speak, because his needs are being anticipated by his primary caregiver. Discussion with both parents does not indicate that the child undergoes separation distress (Bowlby and Bowlby, 2005)), but this could be anticipated from what might be an overly strong and exclusive attachment to Mother A. However, this author feels that attachment theory does not provide a model to explain what effect this kind of relationship might have on linguistic development. Behavioural theories of child development might also provide some insight, particularly if the child views that his current behaviours are being rewarded and reinforced by one or both of his parents (see, for example, the theories of Skinner, Pavlov and Watson). Scientific and biological theories of linguistic development may shed some light on the situation. Chomsky (2007), for example argues that the development of language in the individual child depends on a combination of genetic factors, which precipitate language learning in terms of a biological imperative, experience, which relates to the placement of the child as interacting with its social world, and principles of development which are not specific to the faculty of language. What this demonstrates is a move away from Cartesian dualism, and the reintegration of the processes of the mind into the functional and developmental processes of the body (Chomsky, 2007). In this case, therefore, Child A is likely to have biological imperatives precipitating linguistic development, but may not be achieving his potential due to a possible deficit in his interactions with the social world. It may be that this theoretical perspective highlights the single most important feature in this case, t he lack of social integration into the wider social world, or into normal society. This is not to say that if a same sex lesbian family were socialising in peer groups or social networks, that this would not be normal – far from it. What is notable about this case is that the family are isolated from both general, â€Å"heterosexual† society and from peer-related social groups. If there are, then, elements of linguistic development which are founded on social interactions, a deficit in these areas would likely indicate a potential reason for Child A’s linguistic retardation. The family have attempted to ensure the child is with his own peer group by placing him in a crà ¨che, a group childcare environment, rather than a single carer environment, which is a positive move. However, it could be that even this is not sufficient to precipitate the linguistic development that would be expected of Child A at this point. Classic theories such as Piaget’s constructivist theory, which posits certain developmental stages, might be useful here. In Piaget’s theory, constructivism is an alternative to simple biological understandings of child development, and the development of children’s thinking and cognition is segemented into four stages, which are viewed as progressive (Dawson-Tunkin et al, 2004). Piaget’s stages suggest that children must all move through these stages, sequentially, in order to develop ‘normally’. It is unsurprising that many theorists argue against the centrality of these sorts of stages, as being too restrictive and rigid and not necessarily universally applicable (Dawson-Tunkin et al, 2004). Piaget posits that equilibration, the process of learning wherein the individual reflects on previous experiences to assimilate new concepts and knowledge into current knowledge, is perhaps the most significant of the features of children’s devel opment (Dawson-Tunkin et al, 2004). So, although Piaget understood that biological maturation may set the timetable and limits of some aspects of child development, but stresses that the environment in which children are placed, and their interactions with that environment, is essential to them developing as they should. â€Å"Children who have severely limited interactions with their environments simply will not have the opportunities to develop and organize their cognitive structures so as to achieve mature ways of thinking† (Cook and Cook, 2005). There appears to be an almost inbuilt dissatisfaction with equilibrium, requiring individuals to extend their cognitive structures by seeking out, assimilating and processes new information (Cook and Cook, 2005). This is complemented by reflective abstraction, in which individuals take note of something in their environment, then reflect on it (Cook and Cook, 2005). However, Piaget also argues that â€Å"children do not passively absorb structures from the adults and other people around them†¦[but] actively create their own accommodations and so construct their own understandings† (Cook and Cook, 2005). Feldman (2004) criticises Piaget’s theories because they do not properly allow for the individuality of children, and for differences in development which might be quite marked between children in different circumstances (Feldman, 2004). This author also questions whether there is any need for such rigorous demarcation of stages of development, because if they are still only theories, then labelling children as failing or falling behind might be detrimental to the child and his/her family. However, many theories of development, general and linguistic, do suggest that social environment and/or interactions affects cognitive and linguistic development. Therefore, it could be that in this case, Child A, through his experiences to date, which have been somewhat limited in wider social interaction, has developed his own understandings of the role and function of language in his life, and has perhaps come to the conclusion that the verbalisation of language, at least for him, is rarely necessary. Cognition is not absent, this is evident from interactions with him. He can speak, or at least, it is evident that he understands language, symbols and complex sentence structures, but he does not have any motivation to speak. If asked to carry out a relatively complex task, such as ‘put the shells back in the truck, and put the truck away†, he can do this, readily, and willingly. But if asked to describe what he is doing or to describe his truck, he uses one word answers, gestures and facial expressions to communicate. Cole et al (2004) discuss how positive emotions are important in child development, suggesting that â€Å"emotions organise attention and activity and facilitate strategic, persistent or powerful actions to overcome obstacles, solve problems and maintain wellbeing (Cole et al (2004). This might suggest that perhaps Child A is not being placed in situations where he is emotionally tested enough, in order to motivate him to utilise language in ways that other children might do. Bell and Wolfe (2004) also suggest that there is a need to better understand and explore the role of emotions in organizing and regulating a child’s thinking and learning, and also in understanding the role and of thinking, learning and action in the regulation of children’s emotions. Certainly both Piaget and Vygotsky both argue that children working together learn more than children attempting to, for example, solve problems alone (Cole et al, 2004). It would be no great stretch to see the connection between these collaborative or interactive experiences, the emotional responses of children, and their development, and this must include linguistic development, because these interactions would require the use of language, and perhaps, the development of new linguistic capabilities. Callanan (2006) states that children’s cognitive processes are connected to the language they hear around them. In this case, therefore, it could be argued that Child A may be limited linguistically because the language he hears around him is only that of his two main carers, and of course, the language he hears on television. His social isolation may be affecting the ways in which he is thinking about the world, because he is exposed to limited verbiage. A Freudian analysis of this situation would be both problematic and challenging. If Child A is passing through Freud’s stages of psychosexual development, it could be said that he is perhaps arrested in his oral stage of development, and has not moved out of this stage because of his relationship either with Mother A alone or with both of his female parents. Freudian analysis here is fraught with difficulties, however, because this is not a typical heterosexual relationship, and so the parameters within which Freud’s psychoanalytical theories are framed simply to do not apply. The whole issue of gender here could be a difficult one, because there may be those who believe that a male child needs a gender-similar role model, and his current parenting situation does not provide this. However, contemporary theories on child care and child rearing have veered away from gender-specific behaviours and advocated for gender-neutral child rearing, a reorientation which has follow ed in the wake of radical and second wave feminist theories (Martin, 2005). These feminist theories have at times rejected concepts such as socialisation in the development of children’s social and personal awareness and in developing gender identity (Martin, 2005). However, this author believes, as does Martin (2005), that socialisation is an important feature in child development, and that while Freudian theories posit primary socialisation as occurring within the home, socialisation also occurs once the child is exposed to new environments. If the child is only exposed to limited social environments, this might also mean the child does not become socialised to as many environments and behavioural codes as it should do. Certainly, this author has met colleagues who have argued that the lack of a male role model, or male role models in the home situation, would constitute a problem. However, it would seem that many would argue that gender neutral parenting would not affect d evelopment, particularly if gender and chld development is fixed by biology (Martin, 2005). Vetegodt and Merrick (2003) suggest that there are five important needs that children have, in relation to formation of their identity and in relation to their cognitive development. These needs are: â€Å"the need for acknowledgement, acceptance, awareness, or attentions, respect and care† (Vetegodt and Merrick, 2003). There is a suggestion that if children do not have these needs met, they may then modify their own identities to adjust to their parents and the situation (Vetegodt and Merrick, 2003). While this may not necessarily be true, in the case of Child A and his family, it might be that his needs are met in the home situation, but his needs may be being met in other situations. Certainly, conversations with the parents suggest that they fear his needs, of the nature described above, would not be met outside the family environment because of the nature of his family. There is an ongoing belief that childhood is of primary importance in children forming ‘healthy i dentities’ (Taylor, 2004). The Role of the Health Visitor These theories are mere explorations of potential reasons for an apparent deficit in linguistic development in Child A. Addressing this developmental issue with the parents, in this context, is likely to be somewhat challenging, particularly as the relationship between the health visitor and the parents is of primary importance (Jack et al, 2005). Certainly the child’s home situation is a positive one, and there are no issues in relation to economic or other deprivation. Both parents are intelligent and open to discussion about development and the child’s social needs, but both are also, understandably, sensitive about their continued social exclusion. However, the role of the health visitor is to promote the child’s health and wellbeing (Condon, 2008), and so part of the role in this situation is to assess this wellbeing and ensure the child is offered full participation in all the aspects of health promotion and disease prevention available (Condon, 2008). In t his case, as Mother A is a nurse, and Child A has been subject to all necessary health checks, immunisations, and the like. Engaging with the family has allowed the health visitor to identify elements of the home situation which could affect maternal wellbeing, and so affect child development and wellbeing, but there are no signs of postnatal depression or anything else to raise any warning signs (Peckover, 2003) Here, the role of the health visitor may be to assist the family in identifying ways of extending their social sphere and social life, and integrating their child into social groups and networks which might be more accepting of their alternative family construct. However, there are limits to what a health visitor can advise, and it might be necessary to look at other disciplines, other professionals, and other agencies to support this family. Certainly with changes in the law and social life in recent years, it is becoming less challenging for alternative families to find support and inclusion, but in this case, it would seem that social inclusion may be negatively impacting upon their child’s development. The public health dimension of the health visitor role is very much vaunted in the literature and in governmental policy, but is less easy to realise in practice (Cameron and Christie, 2007). Yet activities such as those discussed in this essay contribute to the public health dimension of the health visitor’s role, in concrete ways. Perhaps it is most important to view the macrocosm of public health policy in relation to the microcosm of the daily work of the health visitor, although it is not always easy to evaluate the day to day function of this role in relation to wider public health improvements. Conclusion It would appear that, whatever the theoretical standpoint, there seem to be a range of ways of defining child development, and many of these relate to the way that children relate to their environment. While there may be a biological imperative to develop cognitively, developing cognitive and, in the case of Child A, linguistic processes, there can be factors which can negatively affect these processes. If these factors are socially mediated, then the social environment that the child finds itself in may be as important as providing good nutrition and health protection. The author deliberately chose a family which was not characterised by typical socio-economic deprivation, or domestic violence, or drug abuse, to demonstrate that child development is fundamentally about the child learning to interact with others, peers and adults alike, in a range of social contexts, and it would seem, from this case, that linguistic development may be more psychologically mediated by such contexts. It may be more than a simple biological/cognitive process, and may require exposure to a range of social settings to fully develop properly, to motivate the child to use language effectively. References Bee, H Boyd, D (2006). The developing child. 11th Ed. USA: Allyn Bacon Longman. Bell, M.A. and Wolfe, C.d. (2004) Emotion and cognition: an intricately bound developmental process. Child Development 75 (2) 366-370. Bowlby, J Bowlby, R (2005). Making and breaking affectional bonds. London: Routledge. Callanan, M.A. (2006) Cognitive development, culture, and conversation: comments on Harris and Koenig’s ‘Truth in Testimony: how children learn about science and religion. Child Development 77 (3) 525-530. Cameron, S and Christie, C. (2007). Exploring health visitors perceptions of the public health nursing role. Primary Health Care Research Development, 8 80-90 Chomsky, N. (2007) Biolinguistic explorations: design, development, evolution. International Journal of Philosophical Studies 5 (1) 1-21. Cole, P.M., Martin, S.E. and Dennis, T.A. (2004) Emotion regulation as a scientific construct: methodological challenges and directions for child development research. Child Development 75 (2) 317-333. Condon, L. (2008) Child health promotion in the United KingdomL does health visitors’ practice follow policy? Journal of Advanced Nursing 62 (5) 551-561. Cook, J.L. and Cook, G. (2005) Child Development: Principles and Perspectives Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Dawson-Tunkin, T.L., Fisher, K.W. and Stein, Z. (2004) Do stages belong at the center of developmental theory? A commentary on Piaget’s Stages. New Ideas in Psychology 22 255-263. Department of Health (2004). The Children Act. London: HMSO. Department of health (2008) Child Health Promotion program. Feldman, D.H. (2004) Piaget’s stages: the unfinished symphony of cognitive development. New Ideas in Psychology 22 175-231. Hall, D Elliman, D. (2006). Health for all children. 4th Revised Ed. Oxford University Press. Jack, S.M., Dicenso, A. and Lohfeld, L. (2005) A theory of maternal engagement with public health nurses and family visitors. Journal of Advanced Nursing 49 (2) 182-190. Martin, K.A. (2005) William wants a doll, can he have one? Feminists, Child Care Advisors and Gender-Neutral Child Rearing Gender and Society 19 456 – 478. Peckover, S. (2003) I could have just done with a little more help. An analysis of women’s help-seeking from health visitors in the context of domestic violence. Health and Social Care in the Community 11 (3) 276-282. Santrock, J.W. (2006). Child development.11th Ed. USA: McGraw-Hill. Sheriden, M (Revised and updated by Frost, M. Sharma, A. (1997). From birth to five Years. London: Routledge. Taylor, C. (2004) Underpinning knowledge for child care practice: reconsidering child development theory. Child and Family Social Work 9 225-235. Ventegodt, S. and Merrick, J. (2003) The life mission theory IV. Theory on Child Development. The Scientific World Journal 3 1294-1301.

Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) :: essays research papers

Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is the integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators and electronics on a common silicon substrate using microfabrication techniques. MEMS are a hot area of research because they integrate sensing, analyzing and responding on the same silicon substrate hence promising realization of complete systems-on-a-chip. As MEMS are manufactured using batch fabrication techniques similar to IC technology, MEMS are expected to deliver high functionality at low prices. Current systems are limited by the capability of sensors and actuators, as these are bulkier and less reliable than the microelectronic circuit. In a MEM system the sensors act as the ‘eyes’ and gather data about the environment. The microelectronic circuit, which is the ‘brain’, processes the data and accordingly controls the mechanical systems, the ‘arms’ of the MEMS, to modify the environment suitably. The electronics on the MEMS are manufactured using IC techniques while micro machining techniques are used to produce the mechanical and electromechanical parts. MEMS Fabrication: There are number of methods to fabricate MEMS like silicon surface micromachining, silicon bulk machining, electro discharge machining, LIGA (in German, Lithographie, Galvanoformung(Electro Plating), Abformung(Injection Moulding)) .Only silicon surface micromachining is discussed here. Silicon Surface Micromachining Silicon surface micromachining uses the same equipment and processes as the electronics semiconductor industry. There are three basic building blocks in this technology, which are the ability to deposit thin films of material on a substrate, to apply a patterned mask on top of the films by photolithographic imaging, and to etch the films selectively to the mask. A MEMS process is usually a structured sequence of these operations to form actual devices. 1. Deposition Processes: One of the basic building blocks in MEMS processing is the ability to deposit thin films of material. This is achieved either through the processes like PVD or CVD. 2. Lithography: Lithography in the MEMS context is typically the transfer of a pattern to a photosensitive material by selective exposure to a radiation source such as light. In lithography for micromachining, the photosensitive material used is typically a photoresist. When resist is exposed to a radiation source of a specific a wavelength, the chemical resistance of the resist to developer solution changes. 3. Etching: If the resist is placed in a developer solution after selective exposure to a light source, it will etch away one of the two regions (exposed or unexposed). Then another layer of material is deposited and the first layer selectively etched away as shown in the figure resulting in the required MEMS.

Who is Responsible for Military Robots’ Lethal Actions? Essay

I) Introduction Robotic technology has enabled the US military to use autonomous robots (or unmanned systems, UMS) in modern warfare. In the war with Iraq, the US military sent 12000 ground robots at the end of 2008 (P. W. Singer). One of the most popular robots used in Iraq is the iRobot Packbot, an unmanned ground vehicle, which is capable of detecting and destroying improvised explosive devices. Exploiting robots in warfare can save lives of many human soldiers. Moreover, robots are faster, have longer endurance, high precision and immunity to chemical and biological weapons (Ronald Arkin).In the National Defense Act of 2001 the U.S. Congress, obviously impressed by the potential of robots saving lives on the battlefield, established the requirement for one-third of the ground vehicles and one-third of the deep-strike aircraft in the military to be robotic within the decade. Consequently, in the â€Å"Fiscal Year 2009-2034 Unmanned Systems Integrated Roadmap† of the office of the secretary of defense showed the four categories that will be focused on are reconnaissance and surveillance, target identification and designation, counter-mine and explosive ordnance disposal, and chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear detection (Stew Magnuson). As for now, most of the robot soldiers in the field are not fully autonomy. They are controlled by human soldier operators. However, the pressure of wars and the superior advantage of robots which can make decisions on their own will shift the interest in developing autonomous robots. In battle field, the time to decide whether or not to take action is too short that it would be impractical that a robot must send a signal to an operator and wait for the permission to fire (Ronald Arkin)... ...gner, A.R., and Duncan, B., â€Å"Responsibility and Lethality for Unmanned Systems: Ethical Pre-Mission Responsibility Advisement†. GVU Technical Report GIT-GVU-09-01, GVU Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. Asaro, P. M., â€Å"Robots and Responsibility from a Legal Perspective†. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Roma, Italy. April 2007. Magnuson, S., â€Å" Robo Ethics†. National Defense (Volume 94, Issue 672, Nov 2009), 28-29. Singer, P. W., â€Å"Military Robots and the Laws of War†. New Atlantic: A Journal of Technology & Society (Volume 23, Winter 2009), 25-45. Sparrow, R., â€Å"Building a Better WarBot: Ethical Issues in the Design of Unmanned Systems for Military Applications†. Science and Engineering Ethics (Volume 15, Number 2 / June, 2009), 169-187. Sparrow, R., â€Å"Killer Robots†. Journal of Applied Philosophy , Vol. 24, No. 1, 2006.

The Role of the Heath in Hardys Return of the Native Essay -- Return

The Role of the Heath in Hardy's Return of the Native "Nature is the most thrifty thing in the world; she never wastes anything; she undergoes change, but there is no annihilation, the essence remains - matter is eternal," philosophizes Horace Binney. Egdon Heath, in Thomas Hardy's Return of the Native, behaves as Nature does in this quotation -- it undergoes seasonal shifts, but its essential quality remains. The heath takes on the role of a static influence on the characters' relationships and circumstances, demonstrating the unchanging nature of human experience through its own seasonal shifts, but still unaltered essence of tragedy. As the story opens, it is November fifth, in the early winter. The beginning of winter is also the beginning of a troubled time for Thomasin. She goes with Wildeve to Anglebury to marry him in the morning of November fifth, but returns that evening, unmarried, in the back of the reddleman's wagon. Mrs. Yeobright, Thomasin's aunt and guardian, expresses her grief -- "When it gets known there will be a very unpleasant time for us" (49). Though it was not Thomasin's fault that she did not marry Wildeve, as there was a problem with the marriage license, people still consider it a scandal and a great disgrace to her and her family. This time of depression, in which Thomasin does not even leave the house out of shame, lasts until Thomasin finally does marry Wildeve, after an extended period of waiting. It is not until after Christmas that they finally wed. The depressing quality of the winter season reflects this dreary and disheartening time. Nature and seasonal changes reflect human natu re and situations on the heath. As spring, "the green or young fern period", begins, so does a relationshi... ...r, this time the night is darker, and the despair is greater. The heath ends Eustacia and Wildeve's life in Shadwater Weir as darkness closes in on the heath for the winter. The characters cannot control nature; it instead reflects their own relationships and situations. The seasons have come full circle and so has tragedy. The heath is back to its original state, as are Clym and Thomasin -- merely a bit older and a bit sadder, just as the heath itself. While the seasons change things for a time, the situation eventually reverts to its original state. The essence of the heath is tragic, and will always recover to that condition, just as human experience is unchanging. Indeed, "the untamable...thing that Egdon now was it always had been" and will always continue to be (14). Works Cited Hardy, Thomas. The Return of the Native. New York: Signet Classic, 1987.

Bmgt 488 Chp 8 Exercise 6

Page 286-287 6. You have prepared the following schedule for a project in which the key resource is a backhoe. This schedule is contingent on having 3 backhoes. You receive a call from your partner, Brooker, who desperately needs 1 of your backhoes. You tell Brooker you would be willing to let him have the backhoe if you are still able to complete your project in 11 months. Develop a resource schedule in the loading chart that follows to see if it is possible to complete the project in 11 months with only 2 backhoes.Be sure to record the order in which you schedule the activities using scheduling heuristics. Activities 5 and 6 require 2 backhoes, while activities 1, 2, 3 and 4 require 1 backhoe. No splitting of activities is possible. Can you say yes to Brooker’s request? Legend |ES |ID |EF | |SL |RES |SL | |LS |DUR |LF | RESOURCE | | |Schedule the resources load chart with ES and Slack updates | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ID |RES |DUR |ES |LF |SL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |1 | | | | | | | | | | | |1 |1 |1 |0 |5 |4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |2 |1 |2 |0 |3 |1 |1 |1 | | | | | | | | | | | | |3 |1 |3 |0 |3 |0 |1 |1 |1 | | | | | | | | | | | |4 |1 |2 |2 |7 |3 | | | | | | | |1 |1 | | | | | |5 |2 |4 |3 |7 |0 | | | |2 |2 |2 | | | | | | | | |6 |2 |2 |7 |9 |0 | | | | | | | | | |2 |2 | | | RESOURCES SCHEDULES |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |1 |1 |2 |2 | | | |RESOURCES AVAILABLE |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 | | Yes, you can give Brooker one backhoe, however, you have increased the risk of being late if a delay should occur. List the order in which your activities were scheduled. (3, 2, 1, 5, 4, 6)

Serial Killers in Modern America

In today’s society, America is a dangerous place for people to walk alone. We have definitely had our share of serial killers over the years. We have had the Harpes brothers in the 1800’s to the more modern day Jeffrey Dahmer. A serial killer in the United States is defined by Congress as â€Å"someone who murders a minimum of three or more people. † (Harris) Three-quarters of the world’s total serial killers have done their killing in the United States. True crime writers often claim that America’s first serial killer was H. H.Homes, but there were actually several before him. The first documented serial killers were two brothers named Micajah and Wiley Harpe. These two killed people for two reasons and they were for fun and profit. These two were notorious for their cut-throat ways, and the other outlaws were scared of them. (Ramsland) They terrorized the Natchez Trace which is known today as the Natchez Trace Parkway. Not much is known about the early history of the Harpes’, but they terrified everyone they came across. The Harpes even slaughtered two of their own children each. Ramsland) For a brief period of time the Harpes traveled with a group of river pirates who were merely concerned with enriching themselves. As you can imagine they did quite well at that. However, these pirates never intended for any physical harm to come to their victims, but the Harpes had other intentions. The incident that caused the Harpes to be kicked out of the group was when they tied a naked flatboat passenger to a blindfolded horse and sent it over a cliff. (Ramsland) From this point on that group of pirates referred to the two as â€Å"men turned into wolves. †Micajah Harpe admitted to a number of murders, but he said that there was only one that he was remorseful for, and that was the murder of his own child. His reason behind killing his own child was because the baby’s crying annoyed him. (Ramsland) Micajah would e nd up being killed by a pack of wolves, and Wiley was hung on February 8, 1804. The first documented serial killer was H. H. Holmes which made his mark on the 19th century by committing over 27 murders. (Kade)He was born, Herman Webster Mudgett in 1861. He started off as a very unruly child who enjoyed being cruel to animals. He would do most of his killing his hotel that was icknamed Murder Castle. The actual name of this hotel was never recorded. He used an advertisement to lure people that were going to attend Chicago’s World Columbian Exposition in 1893. Back in those day lodging was a hard thing to come by, so this allowed Holmes all the victims he wanted. His preference was blond females that he put through torture rituals. He would brutalize them and then incinerate them. He even sold some of the skeletons of his victims. No one ever suspected anything from him, because he had charm and good looks. It was until after Holmes’ execution that investigators would le arn more about what he had done.Some of the victims were locked up in soundproof rooms that had gas lines that would allow him to asphyxiate any victim at any time. (Kade) There were also some locked in a large soundproof bank vault and suffocated to death. Holmes was even quoted saying, â€Å"I was born with the devil in me. I could not help the fact that was a murderer, no more than the poet can help the inspiration to sing. I was born with the â€Å"Evil One† standing as my sponsor beside the bed where I was ushered into the world, and he has been with me since. † Now we fast forward to 1974 when women were vanishing from college campuses around the Washington and Oregon area.There was a 21 year old radio announcer named Lynda Ann Healy that was among the ones that went missing. Then in July of 1974 two women were seen wondering off with Ted towards his sailboat and were never seen again. Around this same time there was a grave yard of bones discovered in a Washingt on forest that would later be identified as some of the women that had went missing in the Washington and Utah areas. It was then that investigators from both areas were able to come up with a profile and a sketch of the man named Ted. (Montaldo)In August of 1975, Bundy was stopped for a driving violation, and when the officers searched his car they found a number of items such as, handcuffs, crowbar, and pantyhose with eye holes cut in them. He was then arrested on suspicion of burglary. Upon further examination of the things found in Bundy’s car the police realized that they matched items that one of the girls he attacked described seeing. This same girl identified the handcuffs as the ones that were fastened around one of her wrists and she picked him out of a line-up. Bundy then went to trial for the attempted kidnapping of Carol DaRonch in February of 1976 and was found guilty.For this case he was sentenced to 15 years in prison, and in October of 1976 he was charged wit h the murder of Carolyn Campbell. Bundy was extradited from Utah to Colorado for the trial. He would then be his own lawyer, which gave him a little freedom to move around the courtroom and the law library that was inside of the courthouse. In June of 1977 during his pre-trial hearing Bundy escaped by jumping out a window in the law library, only to be captured a week later. This would not be the end of Bundy’s escapes either. He did it again on December 30 and made it to Tallahassee, Florida.He got himself and apartment near the university using the name Chris Hagen. (Montaldo) He paid his way at a local college bars with stolen credit cards and when he got bored he would sneak into the lecture halls just to listen. On January 14 Ted Bundy would break into a Chi Omega sorority house and kill two women, and brutally raped one of them. He even beat two other women that managed to survive. The reason that they survived was because their fellow roommate came home. At around 3 a. m. Nita Neary came home and saw that the door was open, and as she entered the house she heard footsteps upstairs. Montaldo) She then went upstairs to find two of her roommates dead and the other two were severely beaten. Later that night another woman would be attacked, but the police would find a mask on her floor that would match the one found in Bundy’s car later. In February of 1978, Bundy kidnapped and mutilated a 12 year old girl named Kimberly Leach. Bundy was arrested again within a week of her disappearance for driving a stolen vehicle. Witnesses were able to place him at the dorm and at Leach’s school. There was also physical evidence that would link him with the murders.Among this evidence was a mold that was made from the bite marks found on one of the victims. Bundy went on trial in 1979 for the murders that happened at the sorority house and was found guilty. He received two sentences for death by electric chair. Then in January of 1980 he would go to t rial for the murder of Kimberly Leach. He actually had lawyers for this case and they tried going for an insanity plea. Bundy called Carol Boone as a character witness and even married her while she was on the witness stand. He called her as a witness because she believed in his innocence, and would later give birth to a little girl that Bundy adored.They were later divorced after she realized that he had actually done all the crimes he was accused of. Ted Bundy died on January 24, 1989 at 7:13 a. m. So why did all these people do what they did? Obviously that all had some reason for doing it and Ted Bundy said that his reason for doing it was because of all the pornography that he was subject to at such a young age. Other serial killers like Jeffrey Dahmer blamed it on being born with a part of him missing. John Wayne Gacy claimed that his victims deserved to die.One would have to think that they were insane for doing what they did, but most of them are rational and calculating pre dators. (Scott)I think that Denis Nilsen, the British version of Jeffrey Dhamer, put it best when he said, â€Å"a mind can be evil without being abnormal. † References Bibliography Harris, William R. Serial Killer Psychology. 2011. Web. 26 October 2012. . Intentional Homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. 2012. Web. 26 October 2012. Kade, Asher. Murder Castle: The Maze-Like Lair of the World's First Serial Killer. 011. Web. 26 October 2012. ;http://www. environmentalgraffiti. com/bizarre/news-hh-holmes-inside-castle-first-true-serial-killer? image=1;. Montaldo, Charles. Serial Killer Ted Bundy. n. d. Web. 26 October 2012. ;http://crime. about. com/od/serial/p/tedbundy2. htm;. Ramsland, Kahterine. America's First Serial Killers. 2011. Web. 26 October 2012. . Scott, Shirley Lynn. What Makes Serial Killers Tick. n. d. Web. 26 October 2012. .

Compare how feelings are presented in two of the poems Harmonium and Brothers Essay

Everyone experiences feelings; they cannot be ignored as we have no control over them. In ‘Harmonium’, Simon Armitage explores the feelings of the relationship between himself and his father, using the extended metaphor he presents the instrument ‘harmonium’ to test his feelings that exists between the father and son. The name itself ‘harmonium’ immediately highlights the connection or ‘harmony’ between them. Armitage also underlines the feeling of regret throughout the poem, as the harmonium is â€Å"gathering dust†, which means by protecting the instrument, he can retain memories from his life. In ‘Brothers’ feelings are also explored by Andrew Forster, the poem underlines the childhood experiences, and the unbalanced relationship with siblings. Forster presents a nostalgic part of a childhood memory, which consists of emotional significance, where relationships change between two brothers. The little brother is considered inferior, as the older brother does not enjoy his â€Å"spouting† conversation, he takes advantage to neglect his little brother so that he can be with his friend doing â€Å"what grown-ups do†. In similar, this poem also identifies regret, the older brother expresses guilt that the ‘distance’ he has created between them, and the little boy with his ‘hand holding out’ showing desire for connection with his older brother. Feelings are presented differently throughout the poems. In ‘harmonium’, Armitage uses colloquialisms which shape the speech patterns of Yorkshire dialect, and also showing discomfort between the feelings of father and son. At the start of the poem, Armitage begins with ‘for a song’, which explores the idea of memories of the past ‘struck a chord’. Armitage also highlights his father’s vulnerability, as he is a ‘dead weight’ which may suggest that he is a burden to his son as he gets older, where they have formed feelings of regret. Similarly, in ‘Brothers’, Forster also uses colloquialisms ‘saddled with you’ or ‘me and Paul’ to represent the speaker’s voice as more realistic. Forster explores the feelings through using monosyllabic language such as ‘said you should go and ask Mum’ which is clearly suggesting childhood and an emotional tone, also showing regret in their feelings. In ‘Harmonium’, Armitage uses personification to identify the metaphorical link between his father and the harmonium, such as ‘the case is ‘aged’, its keys are ‘yellowed the fingernails’, it has ‘lost its tongue’. These suggest that Armitage is describing his father as old, no longer needed. Contrastingly, in ‘Brothers’, Forster uses verb forms to underline the feelings of the two brothers, as the older brothers are considered ‘ambled’ and ‘strolled’, whereas the younger brother ‘skipped’ and ‘windmilled’ which suggests that he is at ease. However, his brothers fear unassertiveness due to being in their teens. This suggests that they hold feelings for each other, but don’t want to expose them in front of their friends. Imagery is used to express the uselessness and vulnerability of the father in ‘Harmonium’. As the instrument itself is ‘gathering dust’, old and is rusty, the father is also ‘aged’, showing that he is no longer needed and is a burden. ‘Bundled off to the skip’ and ‘laid on its back’ suggest his uselessness. However, Armitage also emulates on the harmonium’s positive past, by describing it as ‘under the sunlight, through stained glass’, and the voices to be singing like ‘glided finches’. This positivity of his father’s is shown as the last words in the final stanza, where the use of sibilance, imagery and strong rhyme suggests whispering of the ‘phrase’ contained in rhyming couplet which creates regretful tone and feeling, which could suggest that Armitage cannot bring himself to speak. On the other hand, in ‘Brothers’, the tone becomes regretful as he describes his little brother from a distance when ‘holding out a coin’. This suggests that the brother is regretful for neglecting and abandoning his little brother for being with his friends and ignoring his existence, and this is shown at the end of the poem where the older brother realises the ‘distance’ he created between them both. Hence, the love for his little brother is a realisation of guilt through the description of his carefree playfulness and him ‘holding hand out’ for a coin. The repentance makes his feelings for his little brother come across and their relationship alter over time. Both poems present strong, feelings of emotional pain and regret. Harmonium’ where Armitage discovers the vulnerability of his father at the end and through the instrument itself, where he feels something has been lost which is unable to recapture. Which suggest that he later wanted his father to be a part of his life. ‘Brothers’ where the poet underlines the difficult relationships between siblings and how they chan ge overtime, as for the older brother feeling regretful for neglecting his younger brother who was ‘holding up a coin’. Both poems suggest and express regret for a missed opportunity to communicate the feelings with the close ones.

Critical analysis of the Lottery Essay

Overall Shirley Jackson discusses the movement of the setting, the unusual foreshadowing, and the outermost symbolism in â€Å"The Lottery† to give an overall point of view of the story. Even though a small village made seem peaceful, and a good place to raise a family, it is not always what it seems to be. The reader is about to enter a world with ritualistic ceremony and religious orthodoxy in â€Å"The Lottery.† The Lottery takes place on a clear and sunny summer morning around June 27 in a small village with about three hundred villagers gathering together in the central square for the annual lottery. As a child Shirley Jackson was interested in writing; she won a poetry prize at age twelve, and in high school she keeps a diary to record her writing progress. In 1937 she entered Syracuse University, where she published stories in the student literary magazine. Despite her busy life as a wife and a mother of four children, she wrote every day on a disciplined schedule. â€Å"The Lottery† is one of Jackson’s best-known works. In â€Å"The Lottery† Shirley Jackson will discusses the movement of the setting, unusual foreshadowing and outermost symbolism to give us an overall point of view from the story. When one thinks of a lottery, one imagines winning a large sum of money. Shirley Jackson uses the setting in â€Å"The Lottery† to foreshadow an ironic ending. The peaceful and tranquil town described in this story has an annual lottery every June 27 early part of 1800’s in a small village with 300 people (456). Setting is to describe time and place of the story. The story occurs â€Å"around ten o’clock† (456). This is an unusual time because in most towns all the adults would be working during mid-morning. In the lottery an ironic ending is also foretold by the town’s setting being described as one of normalcy. The town square is described as being â€Å"between the post office and the bank† (456). Every normal town has these buildings, which are essential for day-to-day functioning. Throughout the story little parts of setting are being told, to give a clearer picture for a better understanding of the story. Jackson foreshadows a surprise ending. Foreshadowing is to hint of something  that would follow with the story. As the story continues the reader is told that school has let out for the summer, and yet the â€Å"feeling of liberty sits uneasily with the children† (456), which is strange, for no normal kid would be anything less than ecstatic over summer break. Finally, the children are said to be building â€Å"a pile of stones in one corner of the square† (456), which is a very strange game for children to play. All of these hints indicate that something strange and unexpected is going to happen, and they all will make sense once we discuss the story’s final outcome. Symbolism is also a strong element of the story. The introduction of the black box carried by Mr. Summer (456) is a key turning point showing symbolism, which is anything in a story that represents something else, giving the awful ominous answers to all those foreshadowing hints. When the black box is brought in, it’s said to be a tradition that no one liked to upset. The villagers kept their distance from the box, as though they feared it (461). More and more the town’s peculiarity begins to become apparent. For an example, the names of certain residents hit at the irony and unfavorable events to come. From the author’s extravagant detailing of the town, one would expect this â€Å"lottery† to be a chance for one lucky family to win some money. Instead, the winner’s â€Å"prize† is death-by stoning In the story Tessie won the prize when Bill, her husband, forced the paper out of her hand (461). The portrayal of the residents at the end of the story is disturbing–they go about killing the â€Å"winner† ritualistically, trying to â€Å"finish quickly.† (461). They show no empathy at all–they’re simply following an ancient ritual. Overall Shirley Jackson discusses the movement of the setting, the unusual foreshadowing, and the outermost symbolism in â€Å"The Lottery.† The lesson in this story hits pretty hard. The Lottery’s relationship to real life is that sometimes we are presented with traditions that have been adhered to for as long as anyone can remember, and we forget the reason these customs were created in the first place. The problem is that circumstances can change and make these traditions outdated, useless, and even harmful. Overall the main point of the story is that ignorant and indulgent believers can bring death to an innocent person, so therefore we must re-evaluate our traditions; otherwise we’re just letting ourselves be stoned.