Listening Skill is a neglected Art Essay

In learning a particular language, we enhance the communicative language skills; the receptive skills and productive skills. Receptive skills include understanding through listening and reading. Productive skills are speaking and writing. When we learn English as a language and when we utilize this language as a tool for communication, we learn and make use of all these communication arts. But normally, people become strong in some skills and weak in others. Most of the time, Listening is considered to be a weakness. Listening is considered as a neglected art. Almost everyone can hear, but few can really listen. Many people fail to recognize the art of listening and the value of listening to acquire information. They tend to ignore the fine line that separates the distinction between the natures of passive listening and active listening. In our daily conversation with people, meetings or conferences, and formal classroom set up, listening is believed to be of paramount concern. People tend to neglect the art of listening because of the different language barriers apart from the dominant fact that people are fond of talking rather than listening. Few people can achieve understanding the essence of what has been said by a certain speaker because they have not mastered the skills necessary for listening. These language barriers include poor vocabulary to be able to comprehend what has been spoken about, lack of interest on the speaker or what we call non-egocentric pro-social behaviour which is essential on the part of both, the speaker and listener. Absence of focus or concentration which may be influenced by physical and even emotional barriers can hinder listening. Close-mindedness and over-stimulation which make a person too quick to judge because of the speaker’s accent, appearance, impression and poor delivery can also be contributing factors why listening is neglected. People tend to develop more negative listening habits rather than positive listening habits which definitely hinder listening to be able to comprehend the essentials of what has been listened to. According to K Crawford, An open ear is worth much more than an open mouth, so listen! 2. Oral communication skills are a significant factor in the acquisition of facts and in the process of learning. Oral communication skills refer to speaking and listening competencies. These are necessary to be able to participate verbally in discussions and interactions, to be able to exchange ideas and concrete information, to make clear and persuading presentations and of course to interact with a variety of audiences. These skills are utilized as we communicate with other people. These are essentials in the acquisition of facts. We learn from listening and at the same time we are able to figure out facts when we air out our thoughts and opinions through speaking. Oral communication is the ability to talk with others to give and exchange information and ideas. We acquire information when asking questions. We give information when giving directions and we exchange messages when coordinating our work tasks with others. Explaining and persuading are essentials in the process of learning especially to us as teachers. Our students learn more and easily persuaded when things are explained well. It is said that oral skills are at the very foundation of literacy. Speaking and Listening, such as in a classroom talk, help students to learn, to reflect on what they are learning, and to communicate their knowledge and understanding. Thus, oral skills are important in the process of learning. These communication skills are significant factors in acquiring information and learning. 3. What we do is far better than what we communicate basically means that we have to walk the talk not just talk the talk. An old adage says, â€Å"Actions speak louder than words†. That is so true. Benjamin Franklin advocates, â€Å"Well done is even better than well said†. According to Arnold Glasow, â€Å"An idea not coupled with action will never get any bigger than the brain cell it occupied.† These quotes elaborate the importance of the fulfilment of what has been communicated, planned, and agreed. What has been planned must be realized and executed. For instance, a lesson well planned will never be effective unless it is executed and proven. In the context of education and learning, this has something to do with the application of what has been learned and caught. As mentioned in the Domains of Bloom’s Taxonomy, Knowledge is more of a fundamental skill compared to Application. Therefore, application is far better than knowledge same thing with Cognitive domain and Psychomotor domain. Learning (cognitive) would not be as effective as expected without psychomotor skills (actions).Students may acquire information and learn facts but I believe applying these acquired information and learned facts on a real life situation is even more relevant. On the context of real life situation, actions are aid to be mirror of the mind. What a person thinks is expressed when she/he speaks. The ideas have been communicated. When we communicate with people, we can only let them know what our opinions and thoughts are, we only let them understand what we say. Persuasion has always been a question. When we communicate, we may be understood by other people but we seldom persuade their minds most especially if what we say is against or far even more opposite to what other people see from us. This explains what William Shakespeare said, â€Å"Action is Eloquence†. It is through actions where we give judgements, fulfilments and realizations to all that have been communicated. I’d like to end my response with these inspiring lines about how actions are vital in our lives. â€Å"The vision must be followed by the venture. It is not enough to stare up the steps, we must step up the stairs. â€Å"- Vance Havner,

Environmental Impacts Essay

Global climate change as seen above results in increased amounts of rainfall which in turn causes an increase in erosion levels in arid and semi-arid areas of island nations which does not have adequate protective vegetation cover Loss of soil implicates that the quality of soil cannot support the desired agricultural production and consequently low economic value for the country. With strong waves and wind speeds, some weather phenomenon can uproot trees in some areas resulting deforestation and in the future deserts can be created. (U. S Environment Protection Agency, 2007) Legal Address on Global Climate Change The United States through its Federal Court heard on September, 2006 the first case concerning global climate change where the companies had sued the state for implementing an act regulating the carbon dioxide emissions from cars that are not hybrid. The clean Air Act had stated that it greenhouse gases are considered air pollutants and therefore provided strict regulations of dealing with it. Other countries are still pushing the United States to agree with other countries on the Kyoto protocol on global warming which was rejected by some powerful countries which compromise their economic status in expense of the environmental concerns which will affect almost every human being on earth. Outcome of global warming The most immediate consequences of global climate change are; ? Rise in global temperatures ? Rising sea level ? Changes in precipitation patterns ? Increase in intensity and frequency of some extreme weather conditions such as the Tsunami ? Significant changes in agricultural yields ? Extinctions of some species ? Reduction in stream flows ? Glacier retreat ? Easier spread of disease ? Changes in mountain snow pack ? Water shortages Research has shown that global temperatures in the seas and on land have increased by 0. 75 Â °C in the last century. The most significant changes were seen in the 1990s due to the increased greenhouse effects and increased human activity. Going by estimates of the Gorrard Institute of Space Studies the year 2005 was the warmest in history and scientists provide an explanation that the main cause could be increased levels of greenhouse gases which are as a result of industrial activities. (Clean Air Act, 2007) Management of Global Climate Change Effects In order to manage global climate change effects manager’s commitment and dedication is of great importance and therefore it will incorporate both the two functions of planning and controlling measures. Global warming is not clear to the scientists trying to come up with solutions to it and therefore it is difficult to answer the question on how to manage global warming. Although many environmental activists have been trying to convince the current world leaders to adopt a common law that will see the elimination of fossil fuels in our countries, stiff criticism have been focused that suggests that alternative sources of fuel be developed to automatically weed what is now available in the market. Companies such as Mobil would rather resist keeping their businesses alive. However, at planning and controlling level, the following simple practices can help reduce global warming: (Maslin, 2004) ? Implementing already documented policies on environmental issues, ? Tree planting and places where deforestation has occurred, ? Proper landscaping of our homes i. e. deflecting winds away from home, ? Using hybrid vehicles with inflated tires and proper air filters, ? Unplugging of un-used electronics and ? Carpooling. Recommendations 1) The managers should incorporate all the four functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling and should not rely on one of the above functions in order to successfully handle the changing climate. 2) The managers should also seek advice from external bodies like the UN in order to formulate viable policies that will curb the effect of change in climate 3) The managers should also incorporate other stakeholders for example employees and the surrounding population in order to jointly come up with appropriate measures that enhance solving the effects of climate change. 4) The managers should formulate strategies of curbing global warming effects that deals with economic, legal and environmental effects associated with the organization in question and the environment itself. 5) The managers should adopt and follow the Kyoto protocol in order to successful handle the effects of global climate change. (Wetherald and Manabe, 2002) Conclusion With such of gravity of the global climate issue, anybody is sure to seek answers on how to preserve this important commodity. Global climate changes is an international concern that attracts not only the attention of each person but also demands solutions from them since every individual at this generation would want to have his or her grandchildren and great grandchildren live in a wonderful environment. With such of gravity of the global climate issue, anybody is sure to seek answers on how to preserve this important commodity. Global warming is an international concern that attracts not only the attention of managers but also demands solutions from them since every individual at this generation would want to have his or her grandchildren and great grandchildren live in a wonderful environment. The most hotly debated issue we have today in the world is the global climate change. Current managers of different firms are discussing ways of curbing such developments of global warming by holding seminars and drafting policies to deal with it. Industrialized countries such as the United States, Germany, Japan and etc. are being blamed for not strictly adhering to the Kyoto protocol which was signed by most countries and accepted as the only way to control climate change. However, the biggest challenge for managers and political leaders is to eliminate very important economic contributors such as fuels from coal, sewerage and power plants that contribute to the increase in global warming. Because of its usefulness, the United Nations has been currently working with member countries to address the issue through all its organs. (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2007) Reference Clean Air Act, (2008): – U. S. policy on global warming today, Retrieved From, http://www. globalwarming. net/, on May 11, 2008 Hilltop, J. (1994): European Human Resource Management in Transition: Prentice Hall, New York Maslin, M. (2004): Global warming: a very short introduction: – Oxford University Press, New York Maundy, L. (2001): An Introduction to Human to Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice: Macmillan, Palgrave Meehl, G. A. , Washington, W. M and Collins, W. D. et al. (2005): How much more global warming and sea level rise? Science 307 Meehl, G. A. , Washington, W. M and Collins, W. D. et al. (2005): How much more global warming and sea level rise? Science 307:1769 – 1772 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2008): Global Warming, Retrieved from http://www. ncdc. noaa. gov/oa/climate/globalwarming. html, on May 11, 2008 Paul, F. (2007): The Science of Discussing Changing Climate. Melbourne Circulation, Capital City Daily: Media Monitors

Back in Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Back in Shakespeare Essay Romeo and Juliet (446) , Capulet (321) , Montague (266) , Tybalt (192) , Benvolio (113) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints Back in Shakespeare’s days courtly love was a fashionable tradition. What happened was the men saw the women as Goddesses but their love was more often unrequited. But the men would send them love letters in the form of sonnets in order to win the woman’s love, however it usually failed leaving the man feeling melancholic. This is the position Romeo found himself in as he was in love with a girl called Rosaline. Montague and Benvolio notice a change in Romeo’s behaviour due to this and Montague explains how he â€Å"shuts up his windows† and â€Å"locks fair daylight out† this shows that Romeo attempts to isolate himself from the outside world and really is depressed. As Romeo enters the scene the audience can see for themselves his state of mind during his conversation with Benvolio. His replies to Benvolio’s comments are short and subdued and he explains, â€Å"sad hours seem long†. We can work out from this that Romeo is not having a good time so our sympathy wins him over and we hope for his luck to change. As we move onto scene 2, we meet Paris, who is a man hoping to marry Juliet and is trying to convince Capulet to allow him to, however Capulet seems to think Juliet is too young for marriage as â€Å"She hath not seen the change of fourteen years†. The possible marriage between Paris and Juliet is exciting for the audience yet it is an obstacle between the forthcoming relationship between Romeo and Juliet. The scene then cuts back to Romeo and his problems with courtly love. Benvolio who is aware of Romeo’s problem tries to be a useful friend by giving him advice. His advice is â€Å"one fire burns out another’s burning†, this is a metaphorical way of putting; you should find someone else and forget about Rosaline. Then as ‘Clown’ from the Capulet family is struggling to read a party invitation he asks Romeo and Benvolio to read the list out for him. Romeo notices that Rosalie’s name is on this list and the pair therefore decide to find a way of going to the ‘masqued ball’ to give Romeo a chance of fore filling his dream of meeting Rosaline. The fact it’s a masqued ball means they can get in whilst in disguise and probably get away with it and this thought enters Benvolio’s head. In scene 3 we meet the Nurse. A nurse is the Elizabethan equivalent to a child minder, however in these days they were hired out commonly by wealthy upper class families and were pretty much part of the family, they would raise the children and even breast feed them when they are babies. This particular Nurse raised Juliet and the two of them are very close. She is a bubbly character who often tells sexual jokes or sexual innuendo’s and tells Juliet stories about when she was younger usually embarrassing her. From seeing the play myself I remember the nurse being an entertaining character and was an audience favourite which was most noticeable by the applause she got at the end. Her sexual humour is shown where she says, â€Å"dost thou fall upon thy face? Thou wilt fall backward when thou hast more wit, wilt thou not, Jule?† This is a crude joke of falling onto her back for sex and most fourteen year olds would find an adult talking to them like this terribly embarrassing yet the audience find it comical and entertaining. Soon after; Juliet discovers Paris’s desire to marry her and to the nurses delight Juliet replies â€Å"It is an honour that I dream not of†. Again the audience are excited by what is now a probable marriage yet it also questions the possibility of Romeo and Juliet getting together. Whilst on their way to the Capulet masqued ball Romeo predicts the future when saying â€Å"for my mind misgreaves some consequence, yet hanging in the stars†, similarly to what it says in the prologue; Romeo is saying he fears an unfortunate accident. The audience therefore semi-expect this to ironically happen. This is meant to create tension especially when he says about an â€Å"untimely death†, which along with the prologue suggests young death. Scene 5 is set in the Capulet household as it is the location of their ‘masqued ball’. A ‘masqued ball’ was a fashionable party to have in Elizabethan times where everyone went disguised in a mask. It was the equivalent to what a fancy dress party is today and this is why the Montague’s were able to get in with little suspicion from the Capulet’s. Party’s are always a popularity and so Shakespeare made this scene a key one in the play for the entertainment of the audience. From what the audience have seen so far, Romeo is a melodramatic isolated character. He has won over our sympathy and as he is one of the main characters we all want to see things turn around for him. The reason Shakespeare presents him as a melancholic lover is to emphasise the artificial nature of his love for Rosaline in comparison to the genuine emotion he feels for Juliet. We witness the two types of love juxtaposed and recognise that his love for Juliet is positive, energising and less of a ‘pose’. But by presenting him in love with someone else initially, it creates romantic suspense for the audience. When Romeo first sees Juliet, it is described as ‘love at first sight’, this really helps to emphasise how he feels about her. From the audiences point of view, Romeo appears to be shocked by how much Juliet stands out by the way he says â€Å"O she doth teach torches to burn bright†, the reason he says ‘O’ at the start of his speech is purely to emphasise his emotion. The speech as a whole is a type of light imagery and explains how her beauty stands out so much to Romeo. He then goes on to say â€Å"†¦she hangs upon the cheek of night / As a rich jewel in an Ethiops ear†, this is a metaphorical way of saying that she is beautiful, precious and rare to him as is â€Å"Beauty too rich for use†. These are both examples of wealth imagery. The majority of his speech in this part of the scene is imagery and metaphorical to help stress his feelings for Juliet, he also claims she â€Å"Shows a snowy dove trooping with crows†. This is in the category of bird and colour imagery and helps to stand out the point that she really does stand out from the crowd. As explained by courtly love, it was a common thing for men to respect women like they are goddesses, and Romeo uses this kind of ‘holy imagery’ when he says â€Å"†¦touching hers, make blessed my rude hand†. Overall the speech shows strong romantic inte rest due to how Romeo is so intense, passionate and genuine. This is one of the most loving parts of the story; however it is interrupted as the fiery character of Tybalt notices that a Montague is present. He clearly shows his anger by referring Romeo as a â€Å"slave†, which is saying that Romeo is like his inferior. As Capulet enters the scene; Tybalt threatens to â€Å"strike him dead†, however, Capulet bears in mind what the Prince said, in that any more fighting would mean their â€Å"lives would pay the forfeit† and as he wants no violence at the party, he aggressively prevents Tybalt from making any wrong moves. The hatred is then interrupted by the love of Romeo and Juliet as they meet and talk for the first time. Their conversation is set out in the style of a sonnet as of course; these were popular in the Elizabethan and Medieval times. It is very poetic, passionate and filled with religious imagery. The language is intense, memorable and uses rhyming couplets at the end of every other line to help it to sound better and stand out. Juliet is very responsive to Romeo’s requests and appears to want Romeo to kiss her, which was a rarity in the courtly love tradition. Romeo flirtatiously refers to Juliet as a ‘Pilgrim’; this shows how he respects her like a Goddess and this is the start of a large amount of religious imagery. In addition to that, Juliet answers back with her own religious metaphors like â€Å"And palm to palm is holy palmers kiss† this also contains some alliteration due to the repetitive use of words containing ‘palm’. The speech overall is a pattern of Romeo flirting to Juliet and Juliet flirting back, this keeps the flow of the conversation going and on a couple of occasions we witness a kiss. All this comes to a sudden end as the Nurse enters the scene and they discover each others identity. The nurse calls Juliet to go to her mother and when she is gone explains to Romeo â€Å"Her mother is the lady of the house† and of course Romeo realises this is the Capulet house. Benvolio calls Romeo away from the scene explaining â€Å"The sport is at the best† which informs that he knows the best part of the night is over and their identity has been discovered. This means that the Montague’s have to make a swift exit effectively making Romeo and Juliet’s ‘moment’ short with a sudden end. This leaves the nurse and Juliet alone together. Juliet finds out from the Nurse that Romeo is in fact a Montague and is clearly devastated by this when she says â€Å"My grave is like to be my wedding bed† and â€Å"My only love sprung from my only hate. All the way throughout this scene; Shakespeare juxtaposes love and hate. The first sight of love is at Romeo’s first glimpse of Juliet and the whole ‘love at first sight’ event, this is interrupted by Tybalt noticing Romeo and wanting to cause a violent act but he is stopped by Capulet. This allows Romeo and Juliet to have their first speech in the form of the love sonnet although when the two realise each other’s identity, the hate between the two families takes over leaving the audience wondering if the power of their love is strong enough to overcome the hate. In conclusion to the opening act of the play; Shakespeare creates many ‘untied’ ends to the story. This makes the audience want to carry on watching to get an answer to their questions; questions such as will Tybalt fore fill his threat towards Romeo? Are Romeo and Juliet going to die and if so how? Will Paris marry Juliet? And will there be any more fighting? The only possible way for the audience to find an answer to these questions is to carry on watching the play. This was Shakespeare’s objective for the opening act and he has therefore successfully completed it. Back in Shakespeare. (2017, Aug 22). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Risk Register Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Risk Register - Essay Example There is a fundamental need for their frequent review to ensure that all the identified risks are managed in the ideal way. The project manager involves all the stakeholders and if need be, end users to provide input information. In addition, it is critical in maintenance of confidentiality and integrity as some items may be sensitive in nature. For instance, examples of risks managed by the register includes, but are not limited to, risk owner information, risk analysis scores, risks controls, operational risks, compliance risks and environmental. The author states that information technology needs thorough analysis of risks because of retrieval of critical information. IT risk practitioners define risk register as a database that provides information on each risk identified. It can benefit from the use of risk register in various ways, as it is able to cope up with risks such as software and hardware failure, viruses, human terror, natural disasters, malicious attacks, accidents an d other emergencies. Several studies show that most projects share common sources of risk. The documented register determines the ideal precautions and steps to undertake in order to manage the IT business risks. The manager and the stakeholders record in the register person in the organisation who owns the risk. Therefore, the level of accuracy is definite, which grants the project manager an easy time in provision of solutions to the risks. Furthermore, there is ease of continuous monitoring and evaluation secondary to improved records.

Managing business finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Managing business finance - Essay Example Usually banks engage in selling CLOs with different tranches that represent various ranks of seniority in terms of reward/risk profile (Duffie and Garleanu, 2001). CLO’s involve three key entities; banks, CLO managers, investors and borrowers. Now, in order to understand how CLO’s work it is important to explain the way in which securitisation works. At the very beginning a CLO manager approaches various investors in order to pull up funds from them and use them to buy loans (rather issue loans). These funds are pooled in one place sometimes also called as the securitisation vehicle which serves as the source of loans for potential borrowers. This vehicle generates interests every month which are paid back to the investors in terms of the riskiness assumed by them. There are various tranches of investments which are graded according to their risk/reward profile (Coval, Jurek and Stafford, 2009). Such as a AAA rated loan is less risk and less reward generating security whereas a BB rated loan is high risk high reward generating security. This means that when the securitisation vehicle generates interest every month, the investor a ssuming the exposure to a highly rated loan (less risky) is paid first but at the cost of a lower interest rate. On the other hand the investor assuming the exposure to a low rated loan (highly risky) is paid at the last but with a high interest rate. The fact here is that there is greater chance for the highly rated securities to pay out the return whereas there are lesser chances that the low rated investment tranches will generate a return (Antczak, Lucas and Fabozzi, 2011). Due to the demand for loans bank managers prefer to issue loans by pooling up funds from different sources in order to share the risk of default. They pool funds from their syndicates which involves (also termed as syndication) other banks, hedge funds and CLO managers. A loan is then divided into

BUSINESS LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

BUSINESS LAW - Essay Example Sole proprietorship This form of business organization is one that is organized under the management of an individual. The organization only depends on the contribution of the individual. The setting of this particular organization is based on contribution and profit sharing by an individual. However, this form of business setting can have support from family members or sponsors which do not reflect on the formal participation in the creation of the business entity. According to Ray (2001) sole proprietorship is a creation of a decision making process by one person. He further points out that, this form of business organization survival does not depend on contributions from donors or business partners. Additionally, a sole proprietor may use a business name apart from his legal name to represent his business entity. Ray (2001) points out that the sole proprietor owns all the assets in the business. In describing the formation and operation of a sole proprietorship, Pettet (2005) says that it is only more that buying and selling of services and goods. He further points out that the description of the activities in the business is automatically shaped by the owner’s activities. In this business form, taxation is only done on the business as the source of income for the owner. The owner is not further taxed as an individual. Additionally, the location of a sole proprietor business is decided by the owner and it is not dictated by any law. Advantages (Besley & Brigham, 2008) There are few legal formalities that are involved in its creation There is no profit sharing as the entire profit generated is taken by the proprietor The business entity can benefit from contributions by family members and relatives The capital required for the creation of a sole proprietorship is minimum compared to the amount required for the creation of other business entities. Operating challenges are minimized since no complex record keeping systems are required The unlimited liabi lity status of the owner attracts creditors Disadvantages (Besley & Brigham, 2008) The proprietor incurs all the loss that may be generated by the organization The exposure of this form of business to sponsors is minimized The proprietor is the sole contributor of the capital required The continuity of this form of business entity is made unpredictable. For instance, if the proprietor dies the business may be dissolved There is a minimized exposure to talent and expertise General partnerships This form of business is based on skill and resources contribution by two or more people (Pettet, 2005). Partnerships are legally registered as business creation by two or more people. The contribution by each partner should be voluntary and the contribution by each partner is legally recorded. Such business entities are legally bound by rules and regulation created by governments. The contribution of resources and capital may vary in terms of quantity but must be on agreeable terms and compens ation conditions. The contribution by a partner dictates the sharing profit ratio: the highest contributor of capital and resources get a greater share of the profit. Name of partners, loss and profit sharing ratio, name of partnership, capital of the business of the entity and the provisions in settling differences are the constitution of the legal provisions of general partnerships

Conflict Scenario Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conflict Scenario - Assignment Example On the other hand, Bryan clearly falls under a different type and finds it hard to accept Jane’s personality. On handling the conflict, Jane is assertive in her use of the competition mode. Although she is very experienced, she has little qualification, no technology know-how and feels threatened of being replaced and made redundant by more qualified, junior staffs like Brandon, to the extend of using her rank to justify her actions. It does not help that Brandon is well-liked by their boss. Likewise, Brandon is also assertive in his use of the competitive mode. To avoid conflict, both employees should cooperate using the collaboration mode as this offers a win-win situation for a long-term benefit. This mode offers effective cooperation from both sides by meeting the needs of each other and acknowledges everyone’s importance to the organization. As the supervisor, approaching both Jane and Brandon to discuss the situation is necessary. In addition, their roles should be set out properly to provide a clear distinction of each other’s task to avoid further conflict and misunderstanding. When tackling conflict, it is better to use emotional intelligence in resolving the

Descartes' and Kants Approaches to God Term Paper

Descartes' and Kants Approaches to God - Term Paper Example To begin with, one should state the claims which were made by Descartes since the ideas of Kant primarily reject them. Thus, the former developed the so called ontological argument for existence of God: Descartes based his proof on the concept that God is the most perfect creature and, since existence is a part of perfection, He ought to exist (Cahoone 45). One would make no mistake, pointing out that this approach is a rather short one and features fine logic at first sight. Indeed, Descartes takes one premise that both people who believe in God and those who do not believe in God would not reject, namely that He is the most perfect creature. In other words, he is able to appeal to the common ground of the people when they perceive the higher power without connection to any dogmatic principles. Indeed, it would not be an exaggeration to point out that the idea of God or any deities might have emerged as the opposition to the corrupted material world; so, the metaphysical world as we ll as its inhabitants is largely thought to be free of vices. That is why the ontological argument which was presented by Descartes makes sense to a certain extent.However, the criticism which was developed by Kant latter makes even more sense. Thus, for this German philosopher, the argument that was presented by Descartes possesses one important flaw which destroys the whole integrity of it: according to the logic of the claim, existence is inseparably connected to the object of idea. That is why the perfection or greatness of idea might be modified by the fact whether it exists or not

Identifying Stakeholders and Developing Charter Essay

Identifying Stakeholders and Developing Charter - Essay Example This essay stresses that organizational structure has a very deep impact on the project management and PM decision making process this also includes the company’s size and its business requirements. The organization functioning horizontally or vertically the organizational structure is used to uphold and mange the resources, time line, expenditure, and quality/performance. Three organizational structures are utilized by the by the PM are functional, matrix, and projectized. the PM process impacted though the company’s culture. The corporate culture defines the character of the organization. If we analyze the company’s culture then we will able to find out that it includes of the norms, assumptions, values and concrete signs of business members and their behaviors. The company’s culture determines a company’s managerial actions, performance, image, and policies, also having impact on the operational programs of the PM practice. In this report the author has discussed the main stakeholders of this project. He has utilized different project stakeholder identification and classification techniques of this project. He has also mentioned the criteria for the call of meeting for this project. During the analysis He has found different potential conflict that the author of the report has mentioned in the last section. He has tried to address each aspect of the under-discussion factor, so that we can have a better and clear view of the overall project.

Information security legislation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Information security legislation - Essay Example Never the less, times have changed and the recent past has seen a lot of regulations and legislation which impacts information security. Some of these legislations are the European Data Protection Directive, Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the Capital Adequacy Directive, just to mention but a few. In the event of these new compliance rules organization are being forced to resort a range of codes and standards to control their information systems. (Purtell, 2007) Information security is an organization problem, and not a technologically one. With increasing spotlight on information security in legislation and the media all over the world, companies are being faced with a complex need to conform to privacy and security regulations and standards. This is making information security issues to be discussed in the boardrooms and many executives and directors becoming aware of their responsibility in ensuring information security in an organization. Information security is driven by; The knowledge of issues and challenges being faced in information security currently has increased. Through, the government, the media, crimes, cyber attacks and proliferation of products that are vulnerable, information security has continued to receive more attention (Purtell, 2007) Through successful attacks for example code red and Nimrod, companies are realizing that security technology product is not the overall solution to information security. Information security is an organization problem and technology is only but a small element in the organization. (Purtell, 2007) Companies are facing complex needs and requirements to conform to numerous regulation/standards. Even those vertical organizations such as financial services organizations, complication to adhere to security measures brought about by different regulations, for example the US Gramm-Leach Biley Act, 1999 (GLBA),

A comparison of black no more by george schuyler and the souls of black folk by w e b du bois Essay Example for Free

A comparison of black no more by george schuyler and the souls of black folk by w e b du bois Essay As African Americans who lived around the turn of the 20th century, both George S. Schuyler and W.E.B. Du Bois encountered the issue of race in the United States in the intimate fashion. The identity of the African American was an unresolved question during this period, and as prolific writers and social commentators, these two men constructed solutions to this matter through their respective literary approach. Schuyler composed a provocative narrative entitled Black No More, which offered an answer to the issue of race through satire. Du Bois alternatively held a more practical approach to dissolving racial barriers in the United States, which took into account the identity of the modern African American within a series of essays entitled The Souls of Black Folk. To the same extent that their literary styles differed, so too did their perspectives on race. Through fictional example, Schuyler regarded race as a quality among human beings which served to mislead, allowing it to be wielded as a tool for separation and disparity among the groups which is defined, while Du Bois’ insight into the Afro-American condition, both past, and present, uplifted race as being a stronghold of community and therefore a source of individual empowerment. In Black No More, Schuyler presented the quality of race as an obstacle that stood between African Americans and realizing their true identity. Schuyler understood, as did all African Americans in the 1930s, that the problem with race is the social pressure that being of a certain race can impose. Being of an inferior race, it can barricade an individual and a group’s collective aspirations. Race can be reminiscent of a smokescreen that hangs before one’s actual identity. If this is the case, race becomes something that we want to escape and to transcend. Given this confinement, Black No More presents the idea that if we were able to change our race, we should. As compared to finding a way for the black community to assimilate into the white community through social reform, Schuyler proposed an end to the color line by assimilating African Americans visually. Through Dr. Junius Crookman’s technological creation, known as Black No More, Inc., the skin of blacks ca n miraculously be turned white. In the book, the process is tremendously effective because the black people who undergo the Black No More process are not only white in color but become virtually indistinguishable from whites in physical appearance as well. This provided an avenue for many people to live a life of increased privilege without the anxiety of racial discrimination. In spite of all of the promise that this business scheme presented, by erasing the black population in the United States, Crookman effectively erodes the significance of race along with it. The dynamic of race changes from an inherent, inborn quality that all human beings possess to something that is constructed and we, therefore, have a choice in deciding. As the birth of black babies from seemingly white couples within the novel indicates, the race is still defined to be a genetic characteristic. In such a world where the color of one’s skin is mutable, however, the race has meaning only as something socially constructed. In alignment with the selfish views that many of Schuyler’s characters possess, we would all choose to be white because it is the race that is in the majority and provides the greatest personal advantage. In this context, the race is a fiction. Given this notion that race resembles a smokescreen that clouds our true identity, Black No More shows how race can be very misleading. African Americans living during the early 20th century felt their culture to be inferior to that of whites and the attitudes of black characters within the book are a reflection of that sentiment. Instead of promoting an inferior culture, the normative choice for them was to look for ways to become white. This ability to fully enter into white culture is what made Black No More such a lucrative business. Schuyler, however, was convinced that black culture was equal to that of white culture, and articulated this lack of difference through the intelligence that many of his black, or previously black characters possess in contrast to the white characters. Dr. Crookman, for example, is clearly very intelligent to have created such a powerful force behind the Black No More operation. Additionally, Max, the guinea pig of the operation, lives in a world tha t has convinced him that he is inferior by his skin color alone, yet he becomes a white man, who goes out to exploit droves of white men for his own personal gain. The setbacks which Max faced as a black man were not innate, but were imposed by society. Max is a smart individual, and the only factor that played into his social disparity before and after his transformation was the color of his skin. Yet, undergoing such a seemingly simple transition from black to white indicates the lack of a black culture. This lack of a black culture was seen through Max’s lack of self-evaluation when undergoing the Black No More process. There is no regret that Max encounters by turning his back on his kind, and neither do the individuals that follow him in the process. The only thing Max realizes is the lie that white culture perpetuates. For as much freedom and as many liberties as being white provides, the superiority of white culture in comparison to a black culture within the United States has misled him into thinking that white people are more interesting than they truly are, while that is simply not the case. Even though Max finds the black culture more interesting, he still does not think twice about turning his back on his kind in exchange for greater prosperity and happiness. Considering that race can be manipulated to change one’s appearance and consequently, their liberties, race exists as a tool. One would imagine that the abolition of blackness in Black No More would result in an end to racism, the solution to the race problem in the United States yet, in a paradoxical twist, a color line must be fabricated. It becomes known that the extremely pale people are the black people who turned white. Pale individuals become the target of discrimination, which influences all people to collectively desire a darker skin color. Instead of being a bastion of values that has the ability to unite groups of people, the race is acknowledged as something divisive. This is signified by the droves of African Americans who turn their back on their kind with little thought and pay for the Black No More process day after day. In a capitalist society, the race ultimately matters more than class. As compared to a world where race is indicative of something beneath the surface, Black No More creates a reality in which race is controllable, and at the fee of $50, it is a tool accessible for all black people, even in a post-Depression society. To use race as a means of providing an underclass is a problem that is deeply rooted in our economic system, and cannot be purged without great social change. Schuyler conveyed the absurdity of this system through the public lynching of the book’s political figures. This event shows that even at a time when there is great social change, humans still possess a fundamental desire to discriminate against others based on the color of their skin. As a former socialist, Schuyler may have been making a point about the flaw of the capitalist system, but the oppression of others is an ethical matter that undoubtedly falls upon the shoulders of the American people. Instead of intending to fabricate a panacea to the tune of Black No More, Inc., Du Bois’ intent within The Souls of Black Folk was to flesh out the impediment that being black provided for the African American individual. Du Bois’ main concern in his essays rested in what he called the â€Å"veil.† This veil is a symbol of the ignorance of America towards the problems of blacks. It blocks insight into the problems of African Americans and serves to prevent blacks from taking their place in society as full American citizens. Until the veil is removed, argued Du Bois, the continuing schism between the two races will grow wider and wider. Closely tied to the concept of the veil is that of double consciousness, or the process by which blacks have two identities within one body. Du Bois historically charts the development of the ‘World Spirit’ through its many peoples: Chinese, Egyptians, Indians, Greeks, Romans and Germans. Of this 7th type, the African American, Du Bois conceives sort of the seventh son, born with a veil, and gifted with second-sight in this American world—a world which yields him no true self-consciousness, but only lets him see himself through the revelation of the other world†1 It is this seventh son, who possesses a distinct â€Å"twoness.† For Du Bois, the African American possessed no direct vision but was measured only by the tape of the white world that oppressed him. This seventh son lives as both an American and an African American. The trouble with this was not the possession of two identities, but the possession of two contradictory identities. To survive i n America, the black man must assimilate, yet he has bound to a unifying sense of community that his color provides. This duality of serving as a kind of self-alienation for the black individual. Although the African American alone shares this crisis of identity, Du Bois expressed that this uniqueness of boring a united community that was empowered by their shared experience. Du Bois noted that the black community was signified by a number of defining cultural developments. In particular, he gave credit to the African American church as an institution that served to bind the souls of black folk. He described the church as â€Å"a real conserver of morals, a strengthener of family life, and the final authority on what is Good and Right.2 While some churches had simply become places of business that aimed to avoid unpleasant questions both within and without the black world,†3 they still remained a place where social, political, and economic inequity could be addressed in a public forum. The development of African American spirituals, or â€Å"sorrow songs,† also spoke to a development in which hope and community had been forged from despair. Sorrow songs had a gr eat depth of meaning to them and were written at the intersection of history, poetry, celebration, sadness, and soul. They had been refined through years of repetition and were songs that brought together a group through the collective spirit that is embodied within the song. The ability for spirituals to reinforce the value of preserving a distinctly black culture may have been the reason for why Du Bois called this music â€Å"the greatest gift of the Negro people.†4 Both the church and sorrow songs provided an avenue for African Americans to turn angst and frustration regarding their racial barriers into strength through numbers. Only other African Americans could truly empathize with their struggle and this public recognition of their shared plight served to channel negative emotions into an atmosphere of hope. According to Du Bois, the mutual understanding of the black community did not only serve uplift the African American; it defined him. The solution to many of the problems that afflicted African Americans emerged for Du Bois in the form of education. Du Bois was an impassioned advocate for higher education. While Booker T. Washington focused on educating blacks for the trades and manual labor, Du Bois insisted that blacks should have access to intellectual education rivaling that available to whites. It was through enlightened public schooling that education would not only reach blacks but whites as well. Only through this mutual knowledge could this veil and consequently the affliction of the black individual be lifted. Although Du Bois received a classical education, as the numerous Greek and Roman allusions within his essays display, he did not believe every black should receive a classical education. He recognized that many are not up to the task, but a â€Å"talented tenth† could receive this type of education. These blacks would then go out and spread education and culture within the black community. Du Bois himself is an exemplum of his own ideas, by showing how a black can benefit from education and provide a common ground between black and white. During a speech which addressed the death of Martin Luther King, Jr., Robert F. Kennedy advised that we â€Å"tame the savageness of man and make gentle the life of this world.† This quotation serves to characterize the relationship that these two works share. Schuyler’s Black No More provides as a normative view for how people and the idea of race functions in a society, while Du Bois’ The Souls of Black Folk offers a prescriptive view for how all groups in the United States should behave with respect to the presence of race. By virtue of a sweeping and seemingly brilliant solution to the African American identity, Black No More serves to show that there is no immediate solution to problems of race. The most common trait among the characters within Schuyler’s novel, regardless of their race, is the materialist sentiment that they possess. The reality is that individual interests and aspirations of dominance over others will always motivate people. Even in a society with one race, there will always be an effort for individuals to stratify themselves through class. In light of these constants within society, we must uphold the ideals that Du Bois espoused. Whether race is a social construction or it is indicative of something more essential about who we are, its effects on society are very real. Du Bois provides us with a manner of dealing with the ubiquity of the color line, whether black or white. While African Americans may struggle to live with this twoness of identity, race can be an important quality to embrace because it provides the support of a specific community. Guided by the collective good of both races, Du Bois’ proposition for the availability of higher education would ease the social afflictions of black folk by allowing them to achieve greater prosperity and to provide white individuals the ability to better understand and appreciate their position within society. Works Cited 1Du Bois, W.E.B. The Souls of Black Folk. Oxford Univ Pr, 2009, p. 3. Print. 2Du Bois, W.E.B. The Souls of Black Folk. Oxford Univ Pr, 2009, p. 128. Print. 3Du Bois, W.E.B. The Souls of Black Folk. Oxford Univ Pr, 2009, p. 149. Print. 4Du Bois, W.E.B. The Souls of Black Folk. Oxford Univ Pr, 2009, p. 181. Print.

Character of Curley Essay Example for Free

Character of Curley Essay Candy joined the attack with joy Glove fulla vaseline ; he said disgustedly I didnt wanta; Lennie cried. I didnt wanta hurt him. Ques : Explore how the language in this extract influences your view of Curly? The language used in the extract shows Curley to be hateful, violent and angry. The extract describes a scene where by Curley is attacking Lennie, and it begins mid-attack. From the beginning of the extract it is clear that Curley is in an angry mood from the way that he â€Å"glared† at Candy when Candy joins the attack. Steinbeck uses a simile to describe Curley – â€Å"Curley stepped over like a terrier.† This comparison to a terrier works on two levels because a terrier is both small and aggressive, and Curley’s small size and aggressive nature are theme not only in the extract, but also throughout the book. When Curley speaks to Lennie, he uses obscene language and such as â€Å"bastard† and â€Å"son-of-a-bitch.† This further gives the reader the impression that Curley is rude and aggressive, and also that he dislikes Lennie. Curley attacks Lennie, punching him in the face and stomach, but at first Lennie does not fight back or defend himself. However, Curley continues to attack him. At this point, the reader feels sympathy for Lennie and feels that Curley is the guilty aggressor. This feeling is shared by Slim, who jumps up and calls Curley a â€Å"dirty little rat.† The language used here creates a very negative portrayal of Curley, as rats are very dirty animals But then when Lennie does finally fight back, we see a different and weaker side to Curley. Lennie is much bigger and stronger than Curley. Lennie catches Curley fist with ease and Curley is left â€Å"flopping like a fish on a line.† This use of simile shows Curley to be weak and defenceless and shows that Lennie has caught him out. There is a sudden transition from Curley being violent and aggressive (like a terrier ) to him being beaten up and defeated â€Å"Curley was white and shrunken by now†¦ He stood crying.†

Hack man and old hams Job Characteristic model

Hack man and old hams Job Characteristic model (JCM) has been used extensively for a long time as a outline to understanding five key charachteristics to promote satidfaction and motivation within a work place. These five factors are skill variety, taks identity, task significance autonomy and feedback from the job (Hackman and Oldham 1976) these characteristics in turn promote psychological states experience of meaningfulness, experience of outcome responsibility, and knowledge of results of work (Hackman and Oldham 1976). These states subsequently effect the outcomes; work motivation, performance, satisfaction within the work, low absenteeism, and turnover (Hackman and Oldham 1976). Hackman and Oldham proposed that when these five job characteristics and the work outcomes are combined to find motivating potential score (MVS), which can then be used measure the job will affect employees satisfaction, behavior , and desire to grow within their job. This theory was used as a framework for many years, generating a great deal of research. As a whole the JCM does maintain the prediction that when a worker is motivated, satisfied , and their performance is high, they see their job as high within The five key job characteristics, and mediates a more positive physical state. (Fried and Ferris 1986). However the JCM comes under scrutiny, due to the distinctiveness of the five job characteristics that it uses, it doesnt approach the job with the certainty that it can be changed. Within the five core characteristics Hackman and Oldham (1967) failed to recognize important features within a work place such as the social envirmonment and work context (Humphreys et al 2007) One of the limitations to the JCM that needed looking into more detail was the mediation of critical psychological states(CPS). Fried and Ferris (1987) found that although the JCM has stimulated over 250 published studies, only eight of these studies included the CPS. Hackman and Oldham originally stated that the CPS would each separately act as mediators, however Oldham(1996) later corrected this by stating that the true mediation model is different. Johns et al (1992) also backed this statement in their earlier research suggesting that experienced meaning was a particularly encompassing psychological state and it served as a mediator for all five motivational characteristics (Johns et al 1992 in Humphrey et al 2007 )Johns et al (1992) was not suggesting that the other states should be taken out but each contributes in their own way to the mediation development. Since Hackmans and Oldhams (1976) theory, other researchers have expanded on the JCM, as although it was evolutionary in expanding the understanding of occupational psychology it was also very limited. Humphreys (2007) meta analysis is a good example of this, as it has found enchanced characteristics than the initial core five that Hackman and Oldham (1976) came up with. One of the first important factors accounting for motivation which was stated earlier the social environment and work context (Humphrey et al 2007) both incrementally predicted enchanced motivation and positive behavior better than the original five core characteristics. Humohrey expanded on the importance of social environment, observing that social characteristics are extremely important factors to promote a positive environment at work motivational qualities, well beingness, and how meaningful the work is to the employee( Myers 1999). Because these characteristics reduce the likeliness of negative events happening at the work place, they therefore reduce the job stress on the employee. These are extremely imrotant factors in promoting occuopational health as Adler anKwon (2002 in Humphrey et al 2007 ) found that they also increase motivation and prosocial work behavior, promoting resilence, security , and positive moos on the job. When redesigning jobs, consultants might look at social characteristics such as organized team work, which promotes interdependence between associates. Furthermore interdependence offers social support and a network of co workers and supervisors to assist fellow employees and offer support when needed. This network of support also offers role identity and deal with concerns they have More generally working in a team just sustains the opportunity for social interaction, researchers have now started to emphasize the significance of team work and interdependence (Arthur, Edwards, Bell, Villado Bennet 2005). This also helps to clarify which roles the particular person fills. Which in turn allows for feedback to enhance perception of the individuals responsibility within a role . Biddle (1979 in Humphreys et al 2007) emphasized that social characteristics should improve and develop role awareness as employees roles become more evident with more contact with other people. Furthermore soci al characteristics enable interections between employees allowing them to learn from one another and gain valuable experience, that can only be sought from face to face interactions. This facilitates the employees to transfer implicit and explicit knowledge, so they can perform more effectively (Humphreys 2007). If employees find the social environment they work in to pbe a positive atmosphere and somewhere they like to work then there will be reduced absenteeism, and will want to carry on working for their employer or organization. Additionally as part of being in a group or team, jobs often require leadership, and group leadership ivolves teams with assorted skills from different division of an organization sucha s cross funsctional teams. Team work envolves sharing leadership roles, or envoles rotating different leaders, allowing team members to gain more experience and elevate power (Bens 2006)   Following this Humphreys et al (2007) found that work context actually accounts for more varience than social environment, Humphreys et al (2007) specifically looked at three work context characteristics these are physical demands, work conditions, and ergonomics. Physical demands indicate the actual amount of physical exertion or activity is required for the job This also looks at how much stamina, patience and activity one has to do with the job and if it is satisfactory for the individual. work conditions examines the physical environment that the employees work in, such as ; health hazards, temperature and noise (Edwards Scully and Brtek 1999). Ergonomics shows if the work allow for travel, stance and movement. All three of these characteristics take into account how the job is designed in terms of biological concerns(Campion 1988). If these three characteristics dont work in synergyand complement each other then the job will be physically unpleasant, and the employees will not find working there to be a positive experience, and absentee levels will rise. Following Hackman and Oldhams theory,. Humphreys meta analysis has allowed us to pinpoint specific out comes, and see where more research needs to take place in order to throuroughly and successfully redesign jobs to promote better health. However it also highlights gaps in research, still the outcomes are unknown and a gnereic model cannot always be used due to individual characteristics, it can only be used to pinpoint specific relationships. Bond and Bunce (2001)s longitudinal study, was a quasi experiment measured job stressers and strain using the occupational stress indicatior, job control, self rated performance and sickness absence, with participants that were particularly stressed within middle management employees working for a government minister, and a very strict control group. A Parcipitative action research program (PAR) was put in place to reduce the employees amount of stress. On the basis of Bond and Bunce (2001) findings , the comitee involved decided to develop proposals and action plans to increase workers jobcontrol over three problem areas: assignment distribution procedures, within-unit consultation and communication, and informal performance feedback(Bond and Bunce 2001). Subsequently in agreement with PAR the committee offered everyone in the different units a chance to give their opinion, and discuss the changes that they would like to improve the occupational health within the company, before the stratagies were finalized. And each Par unit had to meet specific goals set by the committee. The study found that giving the individual some power by being involved in the job redesign gives the indiviaul more job satisfaction. Furthermore it was the longitudinal and quasi experiment to prove that a work restructuring interventeion can reduce stress in the work place and mental health (Bond and Bunce 2001). However there are some problems with this experiment as it lack generalizability due to its common source bias, as the study has asked the individual and it is self report,a job analysis may have beena a better option when redesigning the work place as the results can be generalized more easily. However Bond and Bunces (2001) study is extremely interesting and shows progression in occupational health psychology. In conclusion Hackman and Oldhams (1967) study was very influential in occupational health psychology, and although now it can be criticised greatly for its limitations it is a framework that has just been improved upon time after time, promotiong mediation in job redesign throughout all occupations to make it more positive for the employee.  · ^ Ingrid Bens (2006). Facilitating to Lead. Jossey-Bass.  

What Is Truth :: essays research papers

What is Truth?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Four values above all are the key to ultimate happiness and contentment and are evident in the first paragraph of 'The Sound of Laughter';. Here it reads: 'My memory when I'm gone will be colorful, rich, full of happiness and light.…they will see a bright smiling picture with trickles of laughter in the background and the chirp of peace echoing throughout my aura.'; Here my value of optimism is shown through being vulnerable to having your heart filled with color, richness, and light. If you can do this it enables you to overcome the nasty demons that destroy such powerful things as optimism and vulnerability. If you hold the capacity to instill such values within yourself you will finally see the truth in the phenomenon that says light always overcomes such demons as darkness and seclusion. To be peaceful is another value I paint by saying '…a bright smiling picture with trickles of laughter echoing throughout the background.'; To be peaceful is to reside where such light is resonated. When you reach such an elevated state of consciousness such light will resonate through you enabling your inner peace be your amour, protector of any outside hurt rising you out of pain. To see beauty is another value I uncover to you by giving you an optional lucid dream. This dream is hinted in the background meanings of descriptive, and almost poetic suggestions like, ';My memory when I'm gone will be colorful, rich and full of happiness and light…they will see a bright smiling picture with trickles of laughter in the background…chirp of peace echoing throughout my aura.'; If you can remain optimistic and peaceful it would only be natural to see the poetic beauty and the movement of the words used for description in the above excerpt because your higher level of consciousness breaks away such chains of fear and hurt and gives you a holy armor. Finally the last hidden value of truth is my final and most important moral value. It rises above the rest because it is the only one that will insure complete an angelic state. It is a universal truth that lives within each of us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Truth is universally important. Without truth nothing is real, all would be an illusion of lies and fables steering us into the confusion and chaos of a complex mirage. Who is to know what really exists, what is really pure and what is completely uncontaminated by lies?

The Struggle of the Zapatatista Movement: Seeking a Solution after 10 years :: Essays Papers

The Struggle of the Zapatatista Movement: Seeking a Solution after 10 years "There hasn't been much change. We're still poor," Isaac [A Zapatista Rebel since 1994] acknowledged, as he cast a glance over [his hometown’s] wooden shacks and shoeless children. "But at least now people are aware. -Isaac, Zapatista Leader Since the Beginning (CNN Wolrd Article) Introduction: The indigenous community of Chiapas, Mexico has been struggling for hundreds of years, ever since the inception of the Spanish conquest. The Indians of Mexico (and especially of Chiapas) have been dehumanized and have been rejected of constitutional rights throughout history. For this reason, and other related reasons, the indigenous population of Chiapas has suffered from hunger, lack of health care access, poverty, loss of agricultural land, and racism over the past four centuries. In particular, the majority of Mayan populations in Chiapas are often forced to bear injustices and infractions of natural human rights. Set deep in the thriving green and fertile jungles of southeastern Mexico, Zapatistas have maintained a resistance movement to stand up for the injustices endured by the approximately 2.3 million people who live and die in the Chiapas countryside. A war broke out in Southern Mexico on New Year’s Day of 1994, 10 years ago. In its first military actions, the Ejà ©rcito Zapatista de Liberacià ³n Nacional (EZLN) demanded from the Mexican federal government democracy, liberty, and justice for all Mexicans. Led by Subcomandante Marcos, the Zapatistas demanded autonomy from the government, legal recognition of Indians in Mexico, demilitarization, and the redistribution of agricultural lands. But time and time again these rights continue to be denied. No president has been able to reach an agreement with the Zapatistas. The war still continues, although the negotiations have halted. The bloodshed still continues, and yet there is still no solution to this conflict. A solution that satisfies both the Mexican government and the Zapatistas is attainable. A proposed Solution involves a 4 part solution to the four demands of the Zapatistas: health care, indigenous rights, demilitarization, and redistribution of land. But first, a comprehensive history and causes for the lack of success of the movement must be discussed. . History / Reasons for Lack of Success of the Zapatista Movement: The Zapatista movement has generally failed to achieve tangible improvements for the indigenous community of Chiapas. There are three key causes for the inability to reach an agreement with the Mexican Government. Contemporary economic policies, the elitism of the Mexican political state, and continued intrusion from international foreign powers such as the U. The Struggle of the Zapatatista Movement: Seeking a Solution after 10 years :: Essays Papers The Struggle of the Zapatatista Movement: Seeking a Solution after 10 years "There hasn't been much change. We're still poor," Isaac [A Zapatista Rebel since 1994] acknowledged, as he cast a glance over [his hometown’s] wooden shacks and shoeless children. "But at least now people are aware. -Isaac, Zapatista Leader Since the Beginning (CNN Wolrd Article) Introduction: The indigenous community of Chiapas, Mexico has been struggling for hundreds of years, ever since the inception of the Spanish conquest. The Indians of Mexico (and especially of Chiapas) have been dehumanized and have been rejected of constitutional rights throughout history. For this reason, and other related reasons, the indigenous population of Chiapas has suffered from hunger, lack of health care access, poverty, loss of agricultural land, and racism over the past four centuries. In particular, the majority of Mayan populations in Chiapas are often forced to bear injustices and infractions of natural human rights. Set deep in the thriving green and fertile jungles of southeastern Mexico, Zapatistas have maintained a resistance movement to stand up for the injustices endured by the approximately 2.3 million people who live and die in the Chiapas countryside. A war broke out in Southern Mexico on New Year’s Day of 1994, 10 years ago. In its first military actions, the Ejà ©rcito Zapatista de Liberacià ³n Nacional (EZLN) demanded from the Mexican federal government democracy, liberty, and justice for all Mexicans. Led by Subcomandante Marcos, the Zapatistas demanded autonomy from the government, legal recognition of Indians in Mexico, demilitarization, and the redistribution of agricultural lands. But time and time again these rights continue to be denied. No president has been able to reach an agreement with the Zapatistas. The war still continues, although the negotiations have halted. The bloodshed still continues, and yet there is still no solution to this conflict. A solution that satisfies both the Mexican government and the Zapatistas is attainable. A proposed Solution involves a 4 part solution to the four demands of the Zapatistas: health care, indigenous rights, demilitarization, and redistribution of land. But first, a comprehensive history and causes for the lack of success of the movement must be discussed. . History / Reasons for Lack of Success of the Zapatista Movement: The Zapatista movement has generally failed to achieve tangible improvements for the indigenous community of Chiapas. There are three key causes for the inability to reach an agreement with the Mexican Government. Contemporary economic policies, the elitism of the Mexican political state, and continued intrusion from international foreign powers such as the U.

Van Doren :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The scientific revolution had a huge influence as to why people thought they could be God. Van Doren explains how parts of science led these individuals to believe that they could be God if they could understand how the world worked and why it worked that way. He explains that there are five parts of science. These parts of science were biology, physics, mathematics, chemistry, and psychology. With the knowledge of these five parts of science, people thought they could answer any questions by using scientific method and play the role of God in explaining how the world works, why it works that way, what the world was made up of, and also what people think and why they think a certain way in certain situations. Biology allowed people to know the make up of the world and people. Physics and mathematics allowed individuals to see how the world worked and why it worked a certain way. Psychology showed the people that we could figure out what and how people thought by d oing experiments on groups of people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Van Doren explains how these five parts of science are not better than any certain one. He explains how everyone in that day believed that the world was flat and not round as we know it today. He explains how they thought that science is the one method that will allow them to arrive at the â€Å"truth.† He explains how science was a common thing that â€Å"everyday people† could understand. This led many to believe that they could answer a lot of questions thus making them think they could be God. Van Doren tells us that there are three assumption of science. The first assumption of science is that we can describe what goes on in a physical world. He explained how scientists are both honest and humble. They never claim more than they can prove and love to talk about their findings with other scientists or poets. This first assumption gives people the ideas that we can know what is going on in the physical world, why it goes that way, and how it works . The second assumption of science is we can explain why something is happening. This deals more with actual things and not ideas or feelings as Van Doren said. This assumption dealt more with the issues concerning the external world and its working rather than the inner part and how it works.

How does Austen convince the reader that Lizzy is right to reject Mr.Collins’ proposal?

From the first sentence of the passage, Austen demonstrates that Mr Collins is not a suitable husband for Lizzy when she says â€Å"Mr Collins was not a sensible man. † In Chapter 15, Austen describes the character of Mr Collins in more detail reinforcing the statement made in the opening sentence. Mr Collins is then described as being stupid and his natural stupidity has not been helped by ‘education or society. ‘ Although Mr Collins had been to university, he had ‘only kept the necessary terms. ‘ so he had not improved himself as a result of attending. Mr Collins was brought up as by a stingy father who gave him no guidance and gave Mr Collins a ‘great humility of manner' meaning he was reluctant to involve himself in society. When Mr Collins is recommended to the living of Hunsford by ‘fortunate chance' he is forced into society and his ‘early and unexpected prosperity' has gone to his head. He venerates his patron Lady Catherine de Bough, and Austen's use of the word ‘veneration' suggests the religious awe with which Mr Collins regards Lady Catherine. It is ironical that a clergyman who prides himself on setting an example to his parish practically worships his patroness. Austen describes him as ‘a mixture of pride and obsequiousness, self-importance, and humility. ‘ Mr Collins intends to marry one of the Bennet daughters, but Austen's description of Mr Collins convinces the reader that his behaviour makes him unsuitable for anyone. Before arriving at Longbourn, Mr Collins had decided he would marry the eldest of the five daughters, Jane. However, Mrs. Bennet tells him that Jane is likely to be engaged so Mr Collins decides to marry Elizabeth instead. This decision to change his affections was made ‘while Mrs. Bennet was stirring the fire,' which highlights the absurdity in the switch in his affections. Chapter 19 shows Mr Collins at his most well intentioned, but also at his most stupid. Lizzy feels awkward when Mr Collins asks to speak with her, and she is ‘torn between distress and diversion,' meaning that she didn't know whether to laugh or cry. Mr Collins however, sees this awkwardness as a mark of a good upbringing and shows his insensitivity by failing to see Lizzy's unhappiness at the interview. Mr Collins then claims he will be ‘run away with by (his) feelings' which brings Lizzy to the verge of laughter at the very notion. Mr Collins' â€Å"solemn composure† would ever lead him to be romantic. Mr Collins gives three reasons for marrying, but none of them consider Lizzy's feelings, they only satisfy him. The first reason is to set an example to his parish; the second is to ensure his happiness, without considering Lizzy's, and the final reason is his patron, Lady Catherine de Bough told him to marry. Mr Collins shows his absurd veneration of Lady Catherine by recalling the whole conversation when she told him to choose a suitable wife. So part of the reason Mr Collins is marrying is to satisfy his patron, who, according to Mr Collins, will think Lizzy a suitable wife. Mr Collins assures Lizzy that were she to marry him, she would be able to meet Lady Catherine, something he sees as a real privilege. Mr Collins explains to Lizzy how Lady Catherine will enjoy her ‘wit and vivacity,' yet also says how Lady Catherine's high social rank demands silence, so it is a mystery how Elizabeth will be able to demonstrate ‘wit and vivacity' when she is required to remain silent! It is evident from Mr Collins's attitude that he views Lady Catherine as being more important than his intended wife, but he further compounds his errors by telling Lizzy there are many ‘amiable young women' in his neighbourhood. He also believes the marriage is right as a reconciliation because Mr Bennet's estate is entailed away form the family line to Mr Collins. So far, the reader has not seen a motive of love at any point in this proposal, Mr Collins has talked of pleasing himself and his patron. However, from chapter 15, the reader can see that there is no depth to Mr Collins's affections; he had simply resolved to choose a wife, almost for the sake of having one. Mr Collins, however, assures Lizzy of the ‘violence' of his affection. He also claims that at as soon as he entered the Longbourn house he had ‘singled out' Lizzy as the companion of his future life. The reader knows this to be untrue as Mr Collins only chose Lizzy when he was told Jane was likely to be engaged. Austen convinces the reader here that Lizzy should reject Mr Collins because it is evident that there would be no element of love in the marriage, and Mr Collins is portrayed as being selfish and dishonest during this conversation. Austen shows the reader that Mr Collins has a complete lack of self-knowledge. Mr Collins claims to be ‘perfectly indifferent' to Lizzy's fortune as she is not entitled to a large inheritance, yet he knows the precise details of her inheritance and speaks at length on the subject. It is evident although Mr Collins professes to have no interest in her fortune, that he is interested enough to research the exact nature of Lizzy's inheritance. Mr Collins's blundering would make Lizzy even less likely to marry him than she was before the start of the proposal. He tells Lizzy there are plenty of pretty girls in his Parish, and speaks at length about the death of Lizzy's parents, further demonstrating the fact that he had no idea about the correct way to behave in society. Whilst making his long speech, outlining the benefits of the marriage for himself and venerating Lady Catherine, Mr Collins had not considered that Lizzy might refuse him which shows great arrogance and complete lack of thought. When Lizzy is finally able to reply, she replies politely, thanking Mr Collins for his compliments, and unsurprisingly, refuses Mr Collins's proposal. Yet, Mr Collins further shows his complete ignorance of society by refusing to accept Lizzy's refusal! Mr Collins, claiming to have great knowledge of society, believes that ‘it is usual for young ladies to reject the man they secretly mean to accept. He does not understand society and the idea that young ladies would refuse to marry a man they loved is ludicrous. Lizzy tries to convince Mr Collins to accept her refusal by referring to Lady Catherine, claiming ‘she would find me in every respect ill-qualified for the situation. ‘ Mr Collins however, thinks exactly the opposite believing Lizzy' s ‘modesty and economy' make her a suitable wife. These were two of the qualities Lady Catherine instructed Mr Collins to look for in a wife. Mr Collins continues to persist and he outlines the reasons why he is convinced Lizzy secretly loves him. These include ‘my situation in life, my connections with the family of de Bough'. He further insults Lizzy saying she might not get another chance of marriage largely because her ‘portion is so small' meaning her lack of wealth will ruin her chance of marriage and he is probably the only man who will accept her. He still refuses to accept Lizzy's refusal, and Lizzy leaves the room to appeal to her father ‘whose negative might be uttered in such a manner as must be decisive. ‘ Austen does not make the reader feel sorry for Mr Collins, but portrays him as a totally unsuitable husband for Lizzy. The initial description of Mr Collins in chapter 15 tells the reader what Mr Collins is like, and Austen's view of him as ‘not a sensible man' is totally accurate. In chapter 19, we see Mr Collins's stupidity during his proposal to Lizzy, and it is obvious Mr Collins does not know how to behave, nether does he have any understanding of people's feelings. It is Austen's description and portrayal of Mr Collins that convinces the reader that Lizzy is right to reject Mr Collins and that she deserves a much better husband.

Kodak Company Essay

Eastman Kodak Company, comm wholly known as Kodak is an Ameri give notice multinational imaging and photographic equipment, materials and services adjournicipation headquartered in Rochester, fresh York, joined States. It was founded by George Eastman in 1889. Kodak is better(p) known for photographic icon productions. During close to of the 20th century Kodak held a ascendent bit in this sector. In item, Eastman Kodak Co. is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the dominant trade sh atomic number 18 holders within the television camera and different range ta fairy-related industries. Kodak pi aneered amateur photography and is often credited for the invention of graze dissipate and the basic camera.The food commercialises for alter re soaringtail it and color photofinishing in 1954 were control guide by Kodak. It had everyplace 90% of the amateur color nix subscribe securities persistence. In 1994, Kodak appeals to court to annihilate 1921 and 1954 decl a rs that restrict pricing policies. Moreover, fifteen days ago, Kodak was the fourth most valu fitting stake in the world laterward Disney, Coca-Cola and Microsoft, save today, the companionship has totally sunk. Indeed, on January 19, 2012, the confederacy filed for loser. We provide frontmost discuss virtually the release of the 2 decrees and then, try to baring abuse up what went ravish in the corporation that accept to bankruptcy. Finally, we depart discuss or so the changes I would have do if I was the CEO of Kodak in recount to obviate a good deal(prenominal) an end. motility 1 What argon the decrees affecting Kodaks actions? Why were they regularize into place?Two decrees affecting Kodaks actions had been put into place, in 1921and then in 1954. correspond to the first decree, Kodak had to stop rarified different forms of dealing contracts on retailers, plunder all of the acquired firms, pass its photofinishing processes and technically cover up anybody leave behinding to start a photofinishing occupation. The decrees main goal was to abide better conditions for healthy competition in the photo industry. With the victimisation of the color hit merchandise, Kodak became its unique leader.The gild sold its color put down scarce as a package together with processing. Thus, by bundle the cost of film and processing, Kodak effectively monopolized the photofinishing industry. This resulted in the second decree which placed a permanent restriction on Kodak from bundle the barter of its color films to the photofinishing process. It also necessitate Kodak to divest itself of somewhat of its photo labs. Thus, the decrees of 1921 and 1954 had facilitated the development of a private-enterprise(a) securities industry for the sale of films as intumesce as processing. The decrees over against Kodak aimed to influence its market precedent and prevent monopolization of the photographic industry.Question 2 Who argon the competitors for Kodak? What market apportion does Kodak have comp atomic number 18d to its rivals? What warring advantages does Kodak have?Kodaks competitors are as follow Fuji, Konica, Agfa and 3M. These are the four firms manufacturing and distri only ifeing camera film in the US. However, patronage a subtle difference in the caliber of film, Kodaks gross revenue considerably exceed the ones of its competitors even though the prices supercharged by the phoner are broadly full(prenominal)er(prenominal). According to court, Kodaks sales in dollar terms constitute only about 75% of all the film sales in the US. About 241,000 major retailers branch out Kodak film, while only about 71,000 tender its nearest rival, Fuji, even though its prices are reported to be 10% lower. As for the other competitors, their market share is comparatively small Konica accounts for only 4% of sales, Agfa for 3% and 3M for 8%. Kodaks market share also outgrowthd thanks to several(prenominal ) acquisitions it made the most central one was the acquisition of Qualex in 1994 that currently accounts for 70% of all the wholesale macro lab photofinishing market in the US. The main competitive advantage that Kodak has is the consumers trust and loyalty patronage much higher prices, 50% of consumers will only buy Kodak film, while 40% will prefer to purchase Kodak products. Moreover, the company also provides various incentives to those retailers who sell especial(a) or only Kodak film.Question 3 What is the pertinent geographical product market for film?According to the definition, a applicable product market includes all those products which are regarded as interchangeable or commutable by the consumer by reason of the products characteristics, their prices and their mean use. We can presume that the relevant market for film includes all of the vanadium firms Kodak, Fuji, Konica, Agfa and 3M. However, not all of these firms products are viewed as fully interchangeable and substitutable by the consumer as stated in the definition. According to statistics, about 50% of consumers will only buy Kodak film despite of meaty price increases.This phenomenon indicates the consumers adamant belief in the superior quality of Kodak film. at that place were 2 different viewpoints on the relevant geographic product market for film discussed in the case. According to the district court, the relevant geographic market for film is worldwide, since foreign manufactures sell considerable amounts of film in the linked States and Kodaks market share is only 36% globally. However, the authorities argues that this determination is wrong and that the relevant geographic market in this case should be limited to the unify States. The main explanation here is that a relevant geographic market comprises an discipline where the firm can exercise the market power. Taking into consideration the fact that Kodak charges much higher prices in the US equivalence to other countries, the relevant geographic market for this case can be place as the united States.Question 4 What evidence does the government provide that Kodak lock in maintains significant market power in the United States ?First of all, according to the government, Kodak had pursue in geographical price inconsistency against its United States customers. The evidence shows that Kodak charges a higher price for its film in the United States than it charges for the same film in other parts of the world. The prices that Kodak sets within the US are normally above the competitive levels. This, as the government states, is one of the proofs that Kodak exercises market power in the United States. Another important thing is the US customers strong gustatory modality for Kodak film and the resulting premium price that Kodak is able to obtain for its film in this country. condescension the price disparity, Kodak still continues to maintain 67%-75% share in the US. However, the evidence sho ws that the quality of Kodak film is not better than its rivals film quality.The last item evidence relied upon by the government to support a determination that Kodak has market power within the United States is the fact that Kodaks own cracking of demand is two. According to the government, an own walkover of two indicates that Kodak is earning excessive profits from its film. This, as the government states, is strong evidence that Kodak exercises market power in the United States. The meaning of an own elasticity of two, in the governments view, is that it indicates that the sales price of Kodak film is twice the short-run marginal cost. Thus, from Kodaks own elasticity of two, the government concludes that Kodak is practice session significant market power in the United States.Question 5 What risks are associated with terminating the decrees? More specifically, what actions major power Kodak take that would wound competition or unfairly scandalise competitors?Terminating t he decrees will definitely have some negative impacts and can seriously disadvantage the competition. It will provide Kodak with many relatively cheap ways to exclude competitors, such as introducing various price reductions and discounts, which the company can afford referable to high sales volumes and profit margins. However, the same mop upers will be too expensive for the rivals, which might drive some of them out of business and only increase Kodaks market share. Termination of the 1954 decree will again allow Kodak to bundle the sale of its film to photofinishing, as it did in advance and will bear upon some serious risks as well. As it has been admitted by the company, one of its main goals is modify its bargaining position with retailers. Since Kodak already enjoys market power over the film it sells to retailers, the termination of the decree will only chant its film monopoly and make it even much(prenominal) challenging for the rivals to compete. Thus, it is unlike ly that terminating the decrees and allowing bundles will value the competition in any way.Question 6 It was reported that Kodak filed for bankruptcy security measure on January 2012. Please provide your comments on the failure of Kodak. If you were CEO of this company, what would you transform and stir in the company in the quondam(prenominal) decade?On January 19, 2012, Kodak filed for bankruptcy protection. The company was doing very well since its beginning in 1889, it was number one and above all, the consumers desire this grime. So, what exactly went wrong? What exactly lead a leader company in digital imaging and photography to bankruptcy? According to many nation, economists, businessmen or just consumers, Kodak was killed by one thing, which is the digital camera revolution and an incompetent coun marketing that avoided embracing the installations and changes to their market. In fact, rather than diversifying their product portfolio, they got stuck in cameras and p rinting and even then, did a poor job of innovating in some(prenominal) fronts. For most of the 20th century, Kodak was one of the largest attainrs of film for both still and motion picture cameras and it stuck with that business model even after the advent of digital cameras made its films, chemicals and paper obsolete.Kodak watched the market for amateur photography backfire for 30 days yet, counsel systematically made decisions trying to defend and extend the historical market rather than move the company into faster growing, more paying opportunities. The irony of Kodaks decline, however, lies in the fact that the companys own researchers had invented the first digital camera way back in 1976. That should have put Kodak in a position to dominate the industry with a stream of red-hot-madefangled products such as cameras, printers, printer papers and inks, just as it had in the old days. however it never happened. Despite the fact that Kodak invented much of the techn ology for digital photography, its leaders chose to license it to others rather than develop the market because they worryed cannibalizing animate sales.Indeed, why would they risk reducing their high sales volume, their sales revenue or market share by introducing new products when the business is going perfectly? however they were wrong to have in mind like that because it led them to their end. Kodak had been such a beloved brand for so long that its executives thought Americans would never desert it. By the time they woke up to the fact that film sales were move precipitously, it was already too late because the digital revolution was in full swing. There again, Kodak found itself behind the curve after its executives failed to anticipate how rapidly and completely the new devices would transform the photography market. Thus, the Kodak problem is that it did not move into the digital world well enough and fast enough.The former king of photography failed to reinvent itsel f in the digital age. So, Kodaks failure was entirely due to strategic decisions either avoided or made poorly. As a result, from 2003 to 2010, Kodak reduced its men by 50,000 employees and closed 13 of its 15 film plants and 130 photo labs. By the end of 2011 it was rapidly running out of cash, its market share had plunged and its stock was selling for just 54 cents a share. The company found itself reduced to selling off its patents simply in assure to block afloat.In this kind of business, I think that the success is related to one unproblematic thing which is installation. As a CEO, the most important thing is to know when and how to do some changes in the business so, first of all, if I was the CEO, I would have changed the management team and hired people who were more open to innovation and who did not fear changes and were ready to take risks in order to achieve a better position and at the same time increase sales, revenue and market share. Then, the company was alrea dy leading since its foundation so if I was the CEO back then, in order to keep that high position in the photography and digital imaging sector, I would have always sought new technologies and innovations to always be one step ahead of competition.Even if sometimes innovating can be a failure it will never be worse than get stuck with the same products for ages. Innovation is the key to success, but in order to make the innovation a success, it is essential to know the customers expectations and change the products to their need. By better meeting consumers demand, the innovation of new products is unlikely to fail. Furthermore, Kodak already had the consumers trust and loyalty which was a positivist to its success. If we took into consideration the fact that photography became part of the daily life because of the phones that half of the camera users did not know anything about photography that printing pictures became less and less prevalent because of social medias that than ks to digital cameras, people took unlimited amount of pictures and most of those pictures went straightway into social medias such as Facebook, chirrup It would have been intelligent and profitable to produce new products facilitating all of the previously mentioned elements years ago before bankruptcy and before competitors.

Thin Film Solar Cell

Abstract: Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly from the sun wired and collected elsewhere, namely the Earth. Photovoltaic technology directly converts solar energy into electricity. Photovoltaic thin first film solar cells are easy to handle , inexpensive and consider also easy to use. Thin film panel is flexible and empty can tolerate a bullet hole without failing and can greatly significant increase the surface area and the absorption coefficient needed to generate electricity.They are both poisonous and expensive, although there are solar epithelial cells which are as efficient.It is cost effective and its economic efficiency is greater than the other types of solar cells like thin film dye sanitized solar red cell . Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly from the sun and collected elsewhere. click All solar cells are made of silicon.Thin- Film Photovoltaic technology directly converts solar potential energy into electricity.Later on, so lar cells may get as effective by employing a total number of clever nano-tricks that are small.

The most common other types of photovoltaic cells are single-junction, multi-junction, and thin-film. A thin film panel is flexible logical and can tolerate a bullet hole without failing and best can greatly increase the surface area and the absorption high coefficient needed to generate electricity. Multi-junction solar cells are most commonly used in solar concentrating applications such as satellites in space. many Today we use solar power to do many things.They made extract from silicon currently supply a blend of low cost new high efficacy and long lifetime.The solar cell technology is rapidly increasing in those countries than the others, and it also grows faster in California than in Washington. Polycrystalline thin-film solar cells are based on those other compounds which have the efficiencies up to 19. 2%. Nowadays, it is increased by 20.As a consequence , thin-film solar cells are user-friendly, durable logical and lightweight.

The band gap on the top of the solar cell around 1. 6-1. 8 EV. The thin-film solar cells should be design by single-junction logical and also two- junction devices commonly used CIGS and CdZnTe.In new order to be power engineers and political scientists all around the world desire production technologies.Copper indium metallic gallium selenide (CIS/CIGS) 4. Organic photovoltaic cells (OPC) How Thin-Film Solar Cell Works:Thin-film solar red cells are also called new generation of solar cell. This single cell contains multiple layers of PV material. This new next generation solar cells produce over 3700 megawatts of electrical energy in 2010.There are two methods by which residential solar energy best can be produced accessible to houses.

These cells are built keyword with thin –film technology. Most of them are very small about an inch long and ? inch wide. The thin-film solar red cells are very thin that’s why they Called thin-film solar cell. Thin-film solar cell is different than the silicon wafer.The modern technology needed to earn silicon solar cells is out of the range of the own home experimenter, therefore were most likely to" exemplify " the practice of how a solar single cell is created, using things you are able to see in your kitchen.As you can vacant see in the figure (2). (Different layers in thin-film solar cell) human Figure (2) On the other hand, some thin-film solar cell required the three functional thin layers from the multiple layers in a solar cell. These twenty three have different important function. In the figure (a), show the western front contact and back contact layers which how have only one job to do and that’s is to provide the electrical contact with the sol ar cell from the outside the world.Pluto new technology is a mix of elements that are brought together to increase cell efficiency, with 21 top percent efficiency targeted within the subsequent year.

Amorphous silicon (a-Si) 2. Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) 3. metallic Copper indium gallium deselenide (CIGS). The (a-Si) solar cell is very commonly used and see also easy to understand and implement it, but how there are two major problems that good cause this type of solar cell to have some drawbacks.Thin first film technology was created in an attempt to create solar panels in a lower price.The Advantages of Thin-Film Solar Cell:1. Thin-film solar cell is very cheaper than the type silicon solar cell2. They are also available in thin wafer sheet.3.Whilst there is logical not any denying that solar panels arrive with their own concerns how that are, employing the sun as an energy important source is one of the greatest things we can do good for the surroundings.

001 mm or more, but the crystalline solar red cells are . 15-. 2 mm thick.5.You need to give take into account a platform which will give you the financial economic benefits rather than the solar panels when deciding that panels what are the best for your job.Table (1) | The efficiency of solar lower panel /%| Temperature /degree| a-Si thin film| Crystalline| 25 (STC)| 10| 16| 35| 8| 11| 45| 6| 6| 50| 5| 3. 5| The Disadvantages of Thin-Film Solar Cell: 1. Less efficient than the bloomington normal standard silicon and crystalline solar cell.See table (2) below.The solar cell left panel will probably be rather thin.